Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies

As the population ages, understanding how to maintain older adults' cognitive abilities is essential. Bilingualism has been linked to higher cognitive reserve, better performance in executive control, changes in brain structure and function relative to monolinguals, and delay in dementia onset....

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Autores principales:	Caitlin Ware, Sophie Dautricourt, Julie Gonneaud, Gael Chételat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	older adults second language learning (L2 learning) executive functioning neuroplasticity cognitive reserve Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77db50f501ff4933a17e50d8eb9de2e4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77db50f501ff4933a17e50d8eb9de2e42021-11-12T07:13:40ZDoes Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies1663-436510.3389/fnagi.2021.706672https://doaj.org/article/77db50f501ff4933a17e50d8eb9de2e42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.706672/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-4365As the population ages, understanding how to maintain older adults' cognitive abilities is essential. Bilingualism has been linked to higher cognitive reserve, better performance in executive control, changes in brain structure and function relative to monolinguals, and delay in dementia onset. Learning a second language thus seems a promising avenue for cognitive enhancement in older adults. Our review aims to determine whether learning a foreign language in later life improves cognition and promotes neuroplasticity. We screened articles from the Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to identify interventional studies using second language training in senior participants, including either cognition or neuroimaging as outcome measures. A total of nine articles were found, with only one neuroimaging study. Results from these studies are inconsistent, but tend to suggest that second language learning is associated with improvement in attentional switching, inhibition, working memory, and increased functional connectivity. We discuss the implications of these results, and suggest new directions and methodological recommendations for future research.Caitlin WareCaitlin WareSophie DautricourtSophie DautricourtJulie GonneaudGael ChételatGael ChételatFrontiers Media S.A.articleolder adultssecond language learning (L2 learning)executive functioningneuroplasticitycognitive reserveNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	older adults second language learning (L2 learning) executive functioning neuroplasticity cognitive reserve Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	older adults second language learning (L2 learning) executive functioning neuroplasticity cognitive reserve Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Caitlin Ware Caitlin Ware Sophie Dautricourt Sophie Dautricourt Julie Gonneaud Gael Chételat Gael Chételat Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies
description	As the population ages, understanding how to maintain older adults' cognitive abilities is essential. Bilingualism has been linked to higher cognitive reserve, better performance in executive control, changes in brain structure and function relative to monolinguals, and delay in dementia onset. Learning a second language thus seems a promising avenue for cognitive enhancement in older adults. Our review aims to determine whether learning a foreign language in later life improves cognition and promotes neuroplasticity. We screened articles from the Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to identify interventional studies using second language training in senior participants, including either cognition or neuroimaging as outcome measures. A total of nine articles were found, with only one neuroimaging study. Results from these studies are inconsistent, but tend to suggest that second language learning is associated with improvement in attentional switching, inhibition, working memory, and increased functional connectivity. We discuss the implications of these results, and suggest new directions and methodological recommendations for future research.
format	article
author	Caitlin Ware Caitlin Ware Sophie Dautricourt Sophie Dautricourt Julie Gonneaud Gael Chételat Gael Chételat
author_facet	Caitlin Ware Caitlin Ware Sophie Dautricourt Sophie Dautricourt Julie Gonneaud Gael Chételat Gael Chételat
author_sort	Caitlin Ware
title	Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies
title_short	Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies
title_full	Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies
title_fullStr	Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies
title_full_unstemmed	Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies
title_sort	does second language learning promote neuroplasticity in aging? a systematic review of cognitive and neuroimaging studies
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77db50f501ff4933a17e50d8eb9de2e4
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Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies

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