Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria

Opinions are divided on the conduct and nature of the 1967–70 Nigerian civil war, occasioned partly by the Igbo secession and declaration of the Republic of Biafra. Some believe that the Nigerian government adopted a genocidal war strategy characterised by mass violence against civilians, aggressive...

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Autor principal:	James Olusegun Adeyeri and Jackson A. Aluede
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	University of Johannesburg 2021
Materias:	nigeria nigerian civil war igbo-hausa/fulani relations ethnic propaganda hate speech Social Sciences H
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77e45670b33e4814b0d9c977a23f4945
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77e45670b33e4814b0d9c977a23f49452021-11-14T16:55:23ZEthnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria2075-24582616-907Xhttps://doaj.org/article/77e45670b33e4814b0d9c977a23f49452021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/The_Thinker/article/view/692https://doaj.org/toc/2075-2458https://doaj.org/toc/2616-907XOpinions are divided on the conduct and nature of the 1967–70 Nigerian civil war, occasioned partly by the Igbo secession and declaration of the Republic of Biafra. Some believe that the Nigerian government adopted a genocidal war strategy characterised by mass violence against civilians, aggressive blockade of the eastern region, artificial famine, and hateful/threatening utterances by many military commanders, accompanied by about one million civilian casualties. On the other hand, some are of the view that the actions of some Nigerian military officers and men were not in consonant with the position of the Nigerian government during the war, but were influenced by their animosity towards the Igbo. In post-civil war Nigeria, Igbo-Hausa/Fulani relations and political discourses are increasingly tense and indicative of a fearful resurgence of mass violence due to prevalent lies, propaganda, and misrepresentations –verbally, on paper, and online/on social media – particularly among the youths on both sides. This paper argues that the historical crisis-ridden relations between the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani, the attendant 1966 mass killings of Igbos in the north, the nature of the war strategies of the federal government during the civil war, and the currently mounting tension are all direct results of contending ethnic propaganda including hate speech, lies, and name-calling in a bid to gain political and strategic advantages over other ethnic groups. Thus, this paper is a historical inquiry into the role of propaganda and hate speech in socio-political interactions, discourses, and incitements of mass violence among the heterogeneous Nigerian population, particularly the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani. The paper proposes legislative, constitutional, and active citizenship advocacies to address the menace. The article utilises primary and secondary sources to analyse and interpret the subject-matter of the paper.James Olusegun Adeyeri and Jackson A. AluedeUniversity of Johannesburgarticlenigerianigerian civil warigbo-hausa/fulani relationsethnic propagandahate speechSocial SciencesHENThe Thinker, Vol 89, Pp 75-84 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nigeria nigerian civil war igbo-hausa/fulani relations ethnic propaganda hate speech Social Sciences H
spellingShingle	nigeria nigerian civil war igbo-hausa/fulani relations ethnic propaganda hate speech Social Sciences H James Olusegun Adeyeri and Jackson A. Aluede Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria
description	Opinions are divided on the conduct and nature of the 1967–70 Nigerian civil war, occasioned partly by the Igbo secession and declaration of the Republic of Biafra. Some believe that the Nigerian government adopted a genocidal war strategy characterised by mass violence against civilians, aggressive blockade of the eastern region, artificial famine, and hateful/threatening utterances by many military commanders, accompanied by about one million civilian casualties. On the other hand, some are of the view that the actions of some Nigerian military officers and men were not in consonant with the position of the Nigerian government during the war, but were influenced by their animosity towards the Igbo. In post-civil war Nigeria, Igbo-Hausa/Fulani relations and political discourses are increasingly tense and indicative of a fearful resurgence of mass violence due to prevalent lies, propaganda, and misrepresentations –verbally, on paper, and online/on social media – particularly among the youths on both sides. This paper argues that the historical crisis-ridden relations between the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani, the attendant 1966 mass killings of Igbos in the north, the nature of the war strategies of the federal government during the civil war, and the currently mounting tension are all direct results of contending ethnic propaganda including hate speech, lies, and name-calling in a bid to gain political and strategic advantages over other ethnic groups. Thus, this paper is a historical inquiry into the role of propaganda and hate speech in socio-political interactions, discourses, and incitements of mass violence among the heterogeneous Nigerian population, particularly the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani. The paper proposes legislative, constitutional, and active citizenship advocacies to address the menace. The article utilises primary and secondary sources to analyse and interpret the subject-matter of the paper.
format	article
author	James Olusegun Adeyeri and Jackson A. Aluede
author_facet	James Olusegun Adeyeri and Jackson A. Aluede
author_sort	James Olusegun Adeyeri and Jackson A. Aluede
title	Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria
title_short	Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria
title_full	Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria
title_fullStr	Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed	Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria
title_sort	ethnic propaganda, hate speech, and mass violence in igbo-hausa/fulani relations in postcolonial nigeria
publisher	University of Johannesburg
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77e45670b33e4814b0d9c977a23f4945
work_keys_str_mv	AT jamesolusegunadeyeriandjacksonaaluede ethnicpropagandahatespeechandmassviolenceinigbohausafulanirelationsinpostcolonialnigeria
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Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria

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