Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata

Histone acetylation, which is critical for transcriptional regulation and various biological processes in eukaryotes, is a reversible dynamic process regulated by HATs and HDACs. This study determined the function of 6 histone acetyltransferases (HATs) (Gcn5, RTT109, Elp3, Sas3, Sas2, Nat3) and 6 hi...

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Autores principales:	Haijie Ma, Lei Li, Yunpeng Gai, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanan Chen, Xiaokang Zhuo, Yingzi Cao, Chen Jiao, Fred G. Gmitter, Hongye Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	histone acetylation transcriptional regulation DNA damage repair pathogenicity Alternaria alternata Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77e5e762487d4a7c88f9c28ac71936c1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77e5e762487d4a7c88f9c28ac71936c12021-11-22T05:21:38ZHistone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.783633https://doaj.org/article/77e5e762487d4a7c88f9c28ac71936c12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.783633/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XHistone acetylation, which is critical for transcriptional regulation and various biological processes in eukaryotes, is a reversible dynamic process regulated by HATs and HDACs. This study determined the function of 6 histone acetyltransferases (HATs) (Gcn5, RTT109, Elp3, Sas3, Sas2, Nat3) and 6 histone deacetylases (HDACs) (Hos2, Rpd3, Hda1, Hos3, Hst2, Sir2) in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata by analyzing targeted gene deletion mutants. Our data provide evidence that HATs and HDACs are both required for mycelium growth, cell development and pathogenicity as many gene deletion mutants (ΔGcn5, ΔRTT109, ΔElp3, ΔSas3, ΔNat3, ΔHos2, and ΔRpd3) displayed reduced growth, conidiation or virulence at varying degrees. In addition, HATs and HDACs are involved in the resistance to multiple stresses such as oxidative stress (Sas3, Gcn5, Elp3, RTT109, Hos2), osmotic stress (Sas3, Gcn5, RTT109, Hos2), cell wall-targeting agents (Sas3, Gcn5, Hos2), and fungicide (Gcn5, Hos2). ΔGcn5, ΔSas3, and ΔHos2 displayed severe growth defects on sole carbon source medium suggesting a vital role of HATs and HDACs in carbon source utilization. More SNPs were generated in ΔGcn5 in comparison to wild-type when they were exposed to ultraviolet ray. Moreover, ΔRTT109, ΔGcn5, and ΔHos2 showed severe defects in resistance to DNA-damaging agents, indicating the critical role of HATs and HDACs in DNA damage repair. These phenotypes correlated well with the differentially expressed genes in ΔGcn5 and ΔHos2 that are essential for carbon sources metabolism, DNA damage repair, ROS detoxification, and asexual development. Furthermore, Gcn5 is required for the acetylation of H3K4. Overall, our study provides genetic evidence to define the central role of HATs and HDACs in the pathological and biological functions of A. alternata.Haijie MaHaijie MaHaijie MaLei LiYunpeng GaiXiaoyan ZhangYanan ChenXiaokang ZhuoYingzi CaoChen JiaoFred G. GmitterHongye LiFrontiers Media S.A.articlehistone acetylationtranscriptional regulationDNA damage repairpathogenicityAlternaria alternataMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	histone acetylation transcriptional regulation DNA damage repair pathogenicity Alternaria alternata Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	histone acetylation transcriptional regulation DNA damage repair pathogenicity Alternaria alternata Microbiology QR1-502 Haijie Ma Haijie Ma Haijie Ma Lei Li Yunpeng Gai Xiaoyan Zhang Yanan Chen Xiaokang Zhuo Yingzi Cao Chen Jiao Fred G. Gmitter Hongye Li Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
description	Histone acetylation, which is critical for transcriptional regulation and various biological processes in eukaryotes, is a reversible dynamic process regulated by HATs and HDACs. This study determined the function of 6 histone acetyltransferases (HATs) (Gcn5, RTT109, Elp3, Sas3, Sas2, Nat3) and 6 histone deacetylases (HDACs) (Hos2, Rpd3, Hda1, Hos3, Hst2, Sir2) in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata by analyzing targeted gene deletion mutants. Our data provide evidence that HATs and HDACs are both required for mycelium growth, cell development and pathogenicity as many gene deletion mutants (ΔGcn5, ΔRTT109, ΔElp3, ΔSas3, ΔNat3, ΔHos2, and ΔRpd3) displayed reduced growth, conidiation or virulence at varying degrees. In addition, HATs and HDACs are involved in the resistance to multiple stresses such as oxidative stress (Sas3, Gcn5, Elp3, RTT109, Hos2), osmotic stress (Sas3, Gcn5, RTT109, Hos2), cell wall-targeting agents (Sas3, Gcn5, Hos2), and fungicide (Gcn5, Hos2). ΔGcn5, ΔSas3, and ΔHos2 displayed severe growth defects on sole carbon source medium suggesting a vital role of HATs and HDACs in carbon source utilization. More SNPs were generated in ΔGcn5 in comparison to wild-type when they were exposed to ultraviolet ray. Moreover, ΔRTT109, ΔGcn5, and ΔHos2 showed severe defects in resistance to DNA-damaging agents, indicating the critical role of HATs and HDACs in DNA damage repair. These phenotypes correlated well with the differentially expressed genes in ΔGcn5 and ΔHos2 that are essential for carbon sources metabolism, DNA damage repair, ROS detoxification, and asexual development. Furthermore, Gcn5 is required for the acetylation of H3K4. Overall, our study provides genetic evidence to define the central role of HATs and HDACs in the pathological and biological functions of A. alternata.
format	article
author	Haijie Ma Haijie Ma Haijie Ma Lei Li Yunpeng Gai Xiaoyan Zhang Yanan Chen Xiaokang Zhuo Yingzi Cao Chen Jiao Fred G. Gmitter Hongye Li
author_facet	Haijie Ma Haijie Ma Haijie Ma Lei Li Yunpeng Gai Xiaoyan Zhang Yanan Chen Xiaokang Zhuo Yingzi Cao Chen Jiao Fred G. Gmitter Hongye Li
author_sort	Haijie Ma
title	Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
title_short	Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
title_full	Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
title_fullStr	Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
title_full_unstemmed	Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
title_sort	histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases are required for virulence, conidiation, dna damage repair, and multiple stresses resistance of alternaria alternata
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77e5e762487d4a7c88f9c28ac71936c1
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Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata

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