Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model

Objectives: The pig is a common model utilized to support substantiation of novel bioactive components in infant formula. However, reference ranges for outcomes to determine safety are unclear. Our objective was to use historical data to objectively define typical body and organ growth metrics of th...

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Autores principales:	Vinh H. Vu, Sharon M. Donovan, Lauren R. Brink, Qian Li, Gabriele Gross, Ryan N. Dilger, Stephen A. Fleming
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	pig database early infancy development research model weight for age reference database Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/78146e799253438b87f506210f7f4528
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:78146e799253438b87f506210f7f45282021-12-02T00:54:39ZDeveloping a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model2296-236010.3389/fped.2021.746471https://doaj.org/article/78146e799253438b87f506210f7f45282021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.746471/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2360Objectives: The pig is a common model utilized to support substantiation of novel bioactive components in infant formula. However, reference ranges for outcomes to determine safety are unclear. Our objective was to use historical data to objectively define typical body and organ growth metrics of the domesticated pig in research.Methods: Twenty-two studies were compiled to assess typical growth of body and organ weights in young pigs. Metadata were organized to include milk replacer sources, bioactive components, sex, breed, source of herd, feeding regimen, and rearing environment. A combination of statistical models including simple linear regression and linear mixed effect models were used to assess typical growth patterns.Results: Over 18,000 data points from 786 animals were available. In general, minimal differences in the growth of pigs who were male and female, artificially- or sow-reared, or fed ad libitum- or by scheduled-feeding, were observed in the first 30 days of life (P > 0.05). A weight-for-age chart from reference pigs was developed to compare body weights of pigs demonstrating growth characterized as accelerated, typical, reduced, and failure to thrive to illustrate effects of dietary interventions. Distributions of relative brain, liver, and intestine weights (as % of total body weight) were similar between rearing environments and sexes. An alternative bivariate level approach was utilized for the analysis of organ weights. This approach revealed significant biologically-relevant insights into how deficient diets can affect organ weight that a univariate level assessment of weight distribution was unable to detect.Conclusions: Ultimately, these data can be used to better interpret whether bioactive ingredients tested in the pig model affect growth and development within typical reference values for pigs in the first 30 days of life.Vinh H. VuSharon M. DonovanSharon M. DonovanLauren R. BrinkQian LiGabriele GrossRyan N. DilgerRyan N. DilgerRyan N. DilgerStephen A. FlemingFrontiers Media S.A.articlepigdatabaseearly infancy developmentresearch modelweight for agereference databasePediatricsRJ1-570ENFrontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pig database early infancy development research model weight for age reference database Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	pig database early infancy development research model weight for age reference database Pediatrics RJ1-570 Vinh H. Vu Sharon M. Donovan Sharon M. Donovan Lauren R. Brink Qian Li Gabriele Gross Ryan N. Dilger Ryan N. Dilger Ryan N. Dilger Stephen A. Fleming Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model
description	Objectives: The pig is a common model utilized to support substantiation of novel bioactive components in infant formula. However, reference ranges for outcomes to determine safety are unclear. Our objective was to use historical data to objectively define typical body and organ growth metrics of the domesticated pig in research.Methods: Twenty-two studies were compiled to assess typical growth of body and organ weights in young pigs. Metadata were organized to include milk replacer sources, bioactive components, sex, breed, source of herd, feeding regimen, and rearing environment. A combination of statistical models including simple linear regression and linear mixed effect models were used to assess typical growth patterns.Results: Over 18,000 data points from 786 animals were available. In general, minimal differences in the growth of pigs who were male and female, artificially- or sow-reared, or fed ad libitum- or by scheduled-feeding, were observed in the first 30 days of life (P > 0.05). A weight-for-age chart from reference pigs was developed to compare body weights of pigs demonstrating growth characterized as accelerated, typical, reduced, and failure to thrive to illustrate effects of dietary interventions. Distributions of relative brain, liver, and intestine weights (as % of total body weight) were similar between rearing environments and sexes. An alternative bivariate level approach was utilized for the analysis of organ weights. This approach revealed significant biologically-relevant insights into how deficient diets can affect organ weight that a univariate level assessment of weight distribution was unable to detect.Conclusions: Ultimately, these data can be used to better interpret whether bioactive ingredients tested in the pig model affect growth and development within typical reference values for pigs in the first 30 days of life.
format	article
author	Vinh H. Vu Sharon M. Donovan Sharon M. Donovan Lauren R. Brink Qian Li Gabriele Gross Ryan N. Dilger Ryan N. Dilger Ryan N. Dilger Stephen A. Fleming
author_facet	Vinh H. Vu Sharon M. Donovan Sharon M. Donovan Lauren R. Brink Qian Li Gabriele Gross Ryan N. Dilger Ryan N. Dilger Ryan N. Dilger Stephen A. Fleming
author_sort	Vinh H. Vu
title	Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model
title_short	Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model
title_full	Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model
title_fullStr	Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model
title_full_unstemmed	Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model
title_sort	developing a reference database for typical body and organ growth of the artificially reared pig as a biomedical research model
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/78146e799253438b87f506210f7f4528
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Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model

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