Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.

<h4>Background</h4>Circadian oscillators are endogenous time-keeping mechanisms that drive twenty four hour rhythmic changes in gene expression, metabolism, hormone levels, and physical activity. We have examined the developmental expression of genes known to regulate circadian rhythms i...

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Autores principales:	Kristen L Curran, Silvia LaRue, Brittany Bronson, Jessica Solis, Aaron Trow, Nicole Sarver, Haisun Zhu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/783941c4feed40a2a4bfef1fca0d9e4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:783941c4feed40a2a4bfef1fca0d9e4b2021-11-25T06:18:55ZCircadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002749https://doaj.org/article/783941c4feed40a2a4bfef1fca0d9e4b2008-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18716681/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Circadian oscillators are endogenous time-keeping mechanisms that drive twenty four hour rhythmic changes in gene expression, metabolism, hormone levels, and physical activity. We have examined the developmental expression of genes known to regulate circadian rhythms in order to better understand the ontogeny of the circadian clock in a vertebrate.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In this study, genes known to function together in part of the core circadian oscillator mechanism (xPeriod1, xPeriod2, and xBmal1) as well as a rhythmic, clock-controlled gene (xNocturnin) were analyzed using in situ hybridization in embryos from neurula to late tailbud stages. Each transcript was present in the developing nervous system in the brain, eye, olfactory pit, otic vesicle and at lower levels in the spinal cord. These genes were also expressed in the developing somites and heart, but at different developmental times in peripheral tissues (pronephros, cement gland, and posterior mesoderm). No difference was observed in transcript levels or localization when similarly staged embryos maintained in cyclic light were compared at two times of day (dawn and dusk) by in situ hybridization. Quantitation of xBmal1 expression in embryonic eyes was also performed using qRT-PCR. Eyes were isolated at dawn, midday, dusk, and midnight (cylic light). No difference in expression level between time-points was found in stage 31 eyes (p = 0.176) but stage 40 eyes showed significantly increased levels of xBmal1 expression at midnight (RQ = 1.98+/-0.094) when compared to dawn (RQ = 1+/-0.133; p = 0.0004).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We hypothesize that when circadian genes are not co-expressed in the same tissue during development that it may indicate pleiotropic functions of these genes that are separate from the timing of circadian rhythm. Our results show that all circadian genes analyzed thus far are present during early brain and eye development, but rhythmic gene expression in the eye is not observed until after stage 31 of development.Kristen L CurranSilvia LaRueBrittany BronsonJessica SolisAaron TrowNicole SarverHaisun ZhuPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 7, p e2749 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kristen L Curran Silvia LaRue Brittany Bronson Jessica Solis Aaron Trow Nicole Sarver Haisun Zhu Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Circadian oscillators are endogenous time-keeping mechanisms that drive twenty four hour rhythmic changes in gene expression, metabolism, hormone levels, and physical activity. We have examined the developmental expression of genes known to regulate circadian rhythms in order to better understand the ontogeny of the circadian clock in a vertebrate.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In this study, genes known to function together in part of the core circadian oscillator mechanism (xPeriod1, xPeriod2, and xBmal1) as well as a rhythmic, clock-controlled gene (xNocturnin) were analyzed using in situ hybridization in embryos from neurula to late tailbud stages. Each transcript was present in the developing nervous system in the brain, eye, olfactory pit, otic vesicle and at lower levels in the spinal cord. These genes were also expressed in the developing somites and heart, but at different developmental times in peripheral tissues (pronephros, cement gland, and posterior mesoderm). No difference was observed in transcript levels or localization when similarly staged embryos maintained in cyclic light were compared at two times of day (dawn and dusk) by in situ hybridization. Quantitation of xBmal1 expression in embryonic eyes was also performed using qRT-PCR. Eyes were isolated at dawn, midday, dusk, and midnight (cylic light). No difference in expression level between time-points was found in stage 31 eyes (p = 0.176) but stage 40 eyes showed significantly increased levels of xBmal1 expression at midnight (RQ = 1.98+/-0.094) when compared to dawn (RQ = 1+/-0.133; p = 0.0004).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We hypothesize that when circadian genes are not co-expressed in the same tissue during development that it may indicate pleiotropic functions of these genes that are separate from the timing of circadian rhythm. Our results show that all circadian genes analyzed thus far are present during early brain and eye development, but rhythmic gene expression in the eye is not observed until after stage 31 of development.
format	article
author	Kristen L Curran Silvia LaRue Brittany Bronson Jessica Solis Aaron Trow Nicole Sarver Haisun Zhu
author_facet	Kristen L Curran Silvia LaRue Brittany Bronson Jessica Solis Aaron Trow Nicole Sarver Haisun Zhu
author_sort	Kristen L Curran
title	Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.
title_short	Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.
title_full	Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.
title_fullStr	Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.
title_full_unstemmed	Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.
title_sort	circadian genes are expressed during early development in xenopus laevis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/783941c4feed40a2a4bfef1fca0d9e4b
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_version_	1718413932212781056

Circadian genes are expressed during early development in Xenopus laevis.

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