Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) encodes a multifunctional protein P6 that is required for translation of the 35S RNA and also acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing. Here we demonstrate that P6 additionally acts as a pathogenicity effector of an unique and novel type, modifying NPR1 (a key regulator...

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Autores principales:	Andrew J Love, Chiara Geri, Janet Laird, Craig Carr, Byung-Wook Yun, Gary J Loake, Yasuomi Tada, Ari Sadanandom, Joel J Milner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/78418c4c079d40999ef53cc83481ff37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:78418c4c079d40999ef53cc83481ff372021-11-18T08:12:18ZCauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0047535https://doaj.org/article/78418c4c079d40999ef53cc83481ff372012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23071821/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) encodes a multifunctional protein P6 that is required for translation of the 35S RNA and also acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing. Here we demonstrate that P6 additionally acts as a pathogenicity effector of an unique and novel type, modifying NPR1 (a key regulator of salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling) and inhibiting SA-dependent defence responses We find that that transgene-mediated expression of P6 in Arabidopsis and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana has profound effects on defence signaling, suppressing expression of representative SA-responsive genes and increasing expression of representative JA-responsive genes. Relative to wild-type Arabidopsis P6-expressing transgenics had greatly reduced expression of PR-1 following SA-treatment, infection by CaMV or inoculation with an avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). Similarly transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of P6 (including a mutant form defective in translational transactivation activity) suppressed PR-1a transcript accumulation in response to Agrobacterium infiltration and following SA-treatment. As well as suppressing the expression of representative SA-regulated genes, P6-transgenic Arabidopsis showed greatly enhanced susceptibility to both virulent and avirulent Pst (titres elevated 10 to 30-fold compared to non-transgenic controls) but reduced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Necrosis following SA-treatment or inoculation with avirulent Pst was reduced and delayed in P6-transgenics. NPR1 an important regulator of SA/JA crosstalk, was more highly expressed in the presence of P6 and introduction of the P6 transgene into a transgenic line expressing an NPR1:GFP fusion resulted in greatly increased fluorescence in nuclei even in the absence of SA. Thus in the presence of P6 an inactive form of NPR1 is mislocalized in the nucleus even in uninduced plants. These results demonstrate that P6 is a new type of pathogenicity effector protein that enhances susceptibility to biotrophic pathogens by suppressing SA- but enhancing JA-signaling responses.Andrew J LoveChiara GeriJanet LairdCraig CarrByung-Wook YunGary J LoakeYasuomi TadaAri SadanandomJoel J MilnerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e47535 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andrew J Love Chiara Geri Janet Laird Craig Carr Byung-Wook Yun Gary J Loake Yasuomi Tada Ari Sadanandom Joel J Milner Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
description	Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) encodes a multifunctional protein P6 that is required for translation of the 35S RNA and also acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing. Here we demonstrate that P6 additionally acts as a pathogenicity effector of an unique and novel type, modifying NPR1 (a key regulator of salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling) and inhibiting SA-dependent defence responses We find that that transgene-mediated expression of P6 in Arabidopsis and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana has profound effects on defence signaling, suppressing expression of representative SA-responsive genes and increasing expression of representative JA-responsive genes. Relative to wild-type Arabidopsis P6-expressing transgenics had greatly reduced expression of PR-1 following SA-treatment, infection by CaMV or inoculation with an avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). Similarly transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of P6 (including a mutant form defective in translational transactivation activity) suppressed PR-1a transcript accumulation in response to Agrobacterium infiltration and following SA-treatment. As well as suppressing the expression of representative SA-regulated genes, P6-transgenic Arabidopsis showed greatly enhanced susceptibility to both virulent and avirulent Pst (titres elevated 10 to 30-fold compared to non-transgenic controls) but reduced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Necrosis following SA-treatment or inoculation with avirulent Pst was reduced and delayed in P6-transgenics. NPR1 an important regulator of SA/JA crosstalk, was more highly expressed in the presence of P6 and introduction of the P6 transgene into a transgenic line expressing an NPR1:GFP fusion resulted in greatly increased fluorescence in nuclei even in the absence of SA. Thus in the presence of P6 an inactive form of NPR1 is mislocalized in the nucleus even in uninduced plants. These results demonstrate that P6 is a new type of pathogenicity effector protein that enhances susceptibility to biotrophic pathogens by suppressing SA- but enhancing JA-signaling responses.
format	article
author	Andrew J Love Chiara Geri Janet Laird Craig Carr Byung-Wook Yun Gary J Loake Yasuomi Tada Ari Sadanandom Joel J Milner
author_facet	Andrew J Love Chiara Geri Janet Laird Craig Carr Byung-Wook Yun Gary J Loake Yasuomi Tada Ari Sadanandom Joel J Milner
author_sort	Andrew J Love
title	Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
title_short	Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
title_full	Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
title_fullStr	Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
title_full_unstemmed	Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
title_sort	cauliflower mosaic virus protein p6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/78418c4c079d40999ef53cc83481ff37
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Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 inhibits signaling responses to salicylic acid and regulates innate immunity.

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