Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract, where the virus coexists and interacts with bacterial populations comprising the respiratory tract microbiome. Synergies between IAV and respiratory bacterial pathogens promote enhanced inflammation and disease burd...

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Autores principales:	Hannah M. Rowe, Brandi Livingston, Elisa Margolis, Amy Davis, Victoria A. Meliopoulos, Haley Echlin, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Jason W. Rosch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Streptococcus pneumoniae microbiome transmission Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/787263f0fc9c46c59268e55416de0a7a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:787263f0fc9c46c59268e55416de0a7a2021-12-02T19:46:19ZRespiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus10.1128/mSystems.00762-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/787263f0fc9c46c59268e55416de0a7a2020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00762-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract, where the virus coexists and interacts with bacterial populations comprising the respiratory tract microbiome. Synergies between IAV and respiratory bacterial pathogens promote enhanced inflammation and disease burden that exacerbate morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate that direct interactions between IAV and encapsulated bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract promote environmental stability and infectivity of IAV. Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the respiratory bacterial flora abrogated IAV transmission in ferret models, indicating that these virus-bacterium interactions are operative for airborne transmission of IAV. Restoring IAV airborne transmission in antibiotic-treated ferrets by coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae confirmed a role for specific members of the bacterial respiratory community in promoting IAV transmission. These results implicate a role for the bacterial respiratory flora in promoting airborne transmission of IAV. IMPORTANCE Infection with influenza A virus (IAV), especially when complicated with a secondary bacterial infection, is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Gaining a greater understanding of the transmission dynamics of IAV is important during seasonal IAV epidemics and in the event of a pandemic. Direct bacterium-virus interactions are a recently appreciated aspect of infectious disease biology. Direct interactions between IAV and specific bacterial species of the human upper respiratory tract were found to promote the stability and infectivity of IAV during desiccation stress. Viral environmental stability is an important aspect during transmission, suggesting a potential role for bacterial respiratory communities in IAV transmission. Airborne transmission of IAV was abrogated upon depletion of nasal bacterial flora with topical antibiotics. This defect could be functionally complemented by S. pneumoniae coinfection. These data suggest that bacterial coinfection may be an underappreciated aspect of IAV transmission dynamics.Hannah M. RoweBrandi LivingstonElisa MargolisAmy DavisVictoria A. MeliopoulosHaley EchlinStacey Schultz-CherryJason W. RoschAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleStreptococcus pneumoniaemicrobiometransmissionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Streptococcus pneumoniae microbiome transmission Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Streptococcus pneumoniae microbiome transmission Microbiology QR1-502 Hannah M. Rowe Brandi Livingston Elisa Margolis Amy Davis Victoria A. Meliopoulos Haley Echlin Stacey Schultz-Cherry Jason W. Rosch Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus
description	ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract, where the virus coexists and interacts with bacterial populations comprising the respiratory tract microbiome. Synergies between IAV and respiratory bacterial pathogens promote enhanced inflammation and disease burden that exacerbate morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate that direct interactions between IAV and encapsulated bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract promote environmental stability and infectivity of IAV. Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the respiratory bacterial flora abrogated IAV transmission in ferret models, indicating that these virus-bacterium interactions are operative for airborne transmission of IAV. Restoring IAV airborne transmission in antibiotic-treated ferrets by coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae confirmed a role for specific members of the bacterial respiratory community in promoting IAV transmission. These results implicate a role for the bacterial respiratory flora in promoting airborne transmission of IAV. IMPORTANCE Infection with influenza A virus (IAV), especially when complicated with a secondary bacterial infection, is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Gaining a greater understanding of the transmission dynamics of IAV is important during seasonal IAV epidemics and in the event of a pandemic. Direct bacterium-virus interactions are a recently appreciated aspect of infectious disease biology. Direct interactions between IAV and specific bacterial species of the human upper respiratory tract were found to promote the stability and infectivity of IAV during desiccation stress. Viral environmental stability is an important aspect during transmission, suggesting a potential role for bacterial respiratory communities in IAV transmission. Airborne transmission of IAV was abrogated upon depletion of nasal bacterial flora with topical antibiotics. This defect could be functionally complemented by S. pneumoniae coinfection. These data suggest that bacterial coinfection may be an underappreciated aspect of IAV transmission dynamics.
format	article
author	Hannah M. Rowe Brandi Livingston Elisa Margolis Amy Davis Victoria A. Meliopoulos Haley Echlin Stacey Schultz-Cherry Jason W. Rosch
author_facet	Hannah M. Rowe Brandi Livingston Elisa Margolis Amy Davis Victoria A. Meliopoulos Haley Echlin Stacey Schultz-Cherry Jason W. Rosch
author_sort	Hannah M. Rowe
title	Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus
title_short	Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus
title_full	Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus
title_fullStr	Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus
title_full_unstemmed	Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus
title_sort	respiratory bacteria stabilize and promote airborne transmission of influenza a virus
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/787263f0fc9c46c59268e55416de0a7a
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Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus

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