Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials

Using plant growth regulators to alter cytokinin homeostasis with the aim of enhancing endogenous cytokinin levels has been proposed as a strategy to increase yields in wheat and barley. The plant growth regulators INCYDE and CPPU inhibit the cytokinin degrading enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenas...

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Autores principales:	Matthew J. van Voorthuizen, Jiancheng Song, Ondřej Novák, Paula E. Jameson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cytokinin TD-K thidiazuron INCYDE CPPU isopentenyl transferase Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/78874c6ece5a4944b0f3b7b2e60c7764
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:78874c6ece5a4944b0f3b7b2e60c77642021-11-25T18:45:09ZPlant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials10.3390/plants101123092223-7747https://doaj.org/article/78874c6ece5a4944b0f3b7b2e60c77642021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2309https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Using plant growth regulators to alter cytokinin homeostasis with the aim of enhancing endogenous cytokinin levels has been proposed as a strategy to increase yields in wheat and barley. The plant growth regulators INCYDE and CPPU inhibit the cytokinin degrading enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), while TD-K inhibits the process of senescence. We report that the application of these plant growth regulators in wheat and barley field trials failed to enhance yields, or change the components of yields. Analyses of the endogenous cytokinin content showed a high concentration of <i>trans</i>-zeatin (<i>t</i>Z) in both wheat and barley grains at four days after anthesis, and statistically significant, but probably biologically insignificant, increases in <i>cis</i>Z-<i>O</i>-glucoside, along with small decreases in <i>c</i>Z riboside (<i>c</i>ZR), dihydro Z (DHZ), and DHZR and DHZOG cytokinins, following INCYDE application to barley at anthesis. We discuss possible reasons for the lack of efficacy of the three plant growth regulators under field conditions and comment on future approaches to manipulating yield in the light of the strong homeostatic mechanisms controlling endogenous cytokinin levels.Matthew J. van VoorthuizenJiancheng SongOndřej NovákPaula E. JamesonMDPI AGarticlecytokininTD-KthidiazuronINCYDECPPUisopentenyl transferaseBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2309, p 2309 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cytokinin TD-K thidiazuron INCYDE CPPU isopentenyl transferase Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	cytokinin TD-K thidiazuron INCYDE CPPU isopentenyl transferase Botany QK1-989 Matthew J. van Voorthuizen Jiancheng Song Ondřej Novák Paula E. Jameson Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials
description	Using plant growth regulators to alter cytokinin homeostasis with the aim of enhancing endogenous cytokinin levels has been proposed as a strategy to increase yields in wheat and barley. The plant growth regulators INCYDE and CPPU inhibit the cytokinin degrading enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), while TD-K inhibits the process of senescence. We report that the application of these plant growth regulators in wheat and barley field trials failed to enhance yields, or change the components of yields. Analyses of the endogenous cytokinin content showed a high concentration of <i>trans</i>-zeatin (<i>t</i>Z) in both wheat and barley grains at four days after anthesis, and statistically significant, but probably biologically insignificant, increases in <i>cis</i>Z-<i>O</i>-glucoside, along with small decreases in <i>c</i>Z riboside (<i>c</i>ZR), dihydro Z (DHZ), and DHZR and DHZOG cytokinins, following INCYDE application to barley at anthesis. We discuss possible reasons for the lack of efficacy of the three plant growth regulators under field conditions and comment on future approaches to manipulating yield in the light of the strong homeostatic mechanisms controlling endogenous cytokinin levels.
format	article
author	Matthew J. van Voorthuizen Jiancheng Song Ondřej Novák Paula E. Jameson
author_facet	Matthew J. van Voorthuizen Jiancheng Song Ondřej Novák Paula E. Jameson
author_sort	Matthew J. van Voorthuizen
title	Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials
title_short	Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials
title_full	Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials
title_fullStr	Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials
title_full_unstemmed	Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials
title_sort	plant growth regulators incyde and td-k underperform in cereal field trials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/78874c6ece5a4944b0f3b7b2e60c7764
work_keys_str_mv	AT matthewjvanvoorthuizen plantgrowthregulatorsincydeandtdkunderperformincerealfieldtrials AT jianchengsong plantgrowthregulatorsincydeandtdkunderperformincerealfieldtrials AT ondrejnovak plantgrowthregulatorsincydeandtdkunderperformincerealfieldtrials AT paulaejameson plantgrowthregulatorsincydeandtdkunderperformincerealfieldtrials
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Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials

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