Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages

We evaluated the response of active cambium of sessile oak (Quercus sessiliflora) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) to experimentally increased (20–22 °C) and decreased (9–11 °C) temperatures. Heating and cooling experiments on 150-year old Q. sessiliflora were performed during the growth sea...

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Autor principal:	Jožica Gričar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology 2013
Materias:	sessile oak sycamore maple heating cooling cambium cell differentiation xylem phloem dead bark light microscopy Forestry SD1-669.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/78a86cf729fa408484b1fbf39417ec22
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:78a86cf729fa408484b1fbf39417ec222021-12-02T07:47:18ZInfluence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages10.5552/drind.2013.12460012-67721847-1153https://doaj.org/article/78a86cf729fa408484b1fbf39417ec222013-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://hrcak.srce.hr/file/153249https://doaj.org/toc/0012-6772https://doaj.org/toc/1847-1153We evaluated the response of active cambium of sessile oak (Quercus sessiliflora) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) to experimentally increased (20–22 °C) and decreased (9–11 °C) temperatures. Heating and cooling experiments on 150-year old Q. sessiliflora were performed during the growth season of 2007 and on 30-year old A. pseudoplatanus in 2008. In 2009, heating experiment was carried out on 30-year old Q. sessiliflora. For each treatment, two trees were selected of each species and sampled at 21-day intervals during the vegetation period and investigated by means of light microscopy. Continuously elevated temperatures slightly promoted the development of xylem cells in old Q. sessiliflora trees in the first month of cambial activity. However, no effect of elevated or decreased temperature was detected in the timing and dynamics of wood and phloem formation. The applied treatments, therefore, had no visible impact on the structure or width of the xylem or phloem increments in 2007. On the other hand, heating young A. pseudoplatanus trees provoked the development of epicormic shoots two months after the onset of the experiment and finally the death of trees. The cambium of those trees did not reactivate in 2008; xylem and phloem increments were consequently not formed. Low temperature treatments slowed down cell production at the very beginning of the growing season, but no alterations in wood or phloem formation dynamics or structure were observed later. The heating of young Q. sessiliflora trees caused the development of epicormic shoots and the death of trees four months after the experiment. The pattern of their dying was similar as in A. pseudoplatanus but with a two month delay. The observations indicate that tree age, thickness of dead bark and duration of the applied treatments influence the response of cambium. The development of dead bark is species specific and it occurs earlier in Q. sessiliflora than in A. pseudoplatanus. Thick dead bark acts as a very good insulation layer for the sensitive internal, living tissues of bark and cambium and therefore protects them against external abiotic and biotic factors.Jožica GričarUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technologyarticlesessile oaksycamore mapleheatingcoolingcambiumcell differentiationxylemphloemdead barklight microscopyForestrySD1-669.5ENDrvna Industrija, Vol 64, Iss 2, Pp 95-105 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sessile oak sycamore maple heating cooling cambium cell differentiation xylem phloem dead bark light microscopy Forestry SD1-669.5
spellingShingle	sessile oak sycamore maple heating cooling cambium cell differentiation xylem phloem dead bark light microscopy Forestry SD1-669.5 Jožica Gričar Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages
description	We evaluated the response of active cambium of sessile oak (Quercus sessiliflora) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) to experimentally increased (20–22 °C) and decreased (9–11 °C) temperatures. Heating and cooling experiments on 150-year old Q. sessiliflora were performed during the growth season of 2007 and on 30-year old A. pseudoplatanus in 2008. In 2009, heating experiment was carried out on 30-year old Q. sessiliflora. For each treatment, two trees were selected of each species and sampled at 21-day intervals during the vegetation period and investigated by means of light microscopy. Continuously elevated temperatures slightly promoted the development of xylem cells in old Q. sessiliflora trees in the first month of cambial activity. However, no effect of elevated or decreased temperature was detected in the timing and dynamics of wood and phloem formation. The applied treatments, therefore, had no visible impact on the structure or width of the xylem or phloem increments in 2007. On the other hand, heating young A. pseudoplatanus trees provoked the development of epicormic shoots two months after the onset of the experiment and finally the death of trees. The cambium of those trees did not reactivate in 2008; xylem and phloem increments were consequently not formed. Low temperature treatments slowed down cell production at the very beginning of the growing season, but no alterations in wood or phloem formation dynamics or structure were observed later. The heating of young Q. sessiliflora trees caused the development of epicormic shoots and the death of trees four months after the experiment. The pattern of their dying was similar as in A. pseudoplatanus but with a two month delay. The observations indicate that tree age, thickness of dead bark and duration of the applied treatments influence the response of cambium. The development of dead bark is species specific and it occurs earlier in Q. sessiliflora than in A. pseudoplatanus. Thick dead bark acts as a very good insulation layer for the sensitive internal, living tissues of bark and cambium and therefore protects them against external abiotic and biotic factors.
format	article
author	Jožica Gričar
author_facet	Jožica Gričar
author_sort	Jožica Gričar
title	Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages
title_short	Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages
title_full	Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages
title_fullStr	Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages
title_sort	influence of temperature on cambial activity and cell differentiation in quercus sessiliflora and acer pseudoplatanus of different ages
publisher	University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/78a86cf729fa408484b1fbf39417ec22
work_keys_str_mv	AT jozicagricar influenceoftemperatureoncambialactivityandcelldifferentiationinquercussessilifloraandacerpseudoplatanusofdifferentages
_version_	1718399164533964800

Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages

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