Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier

A laboratory method was designed and verified that allows for the testing of alkaline, magnesite-based reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to remove heavy metals from contaminated groundwater. It was found that caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) with high reactivity and low solubi...

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Autores principales:	Alena Fedoročková, Pavel Raschman, Gabriel Sučik, Mária Švandová, Agnesa Doráková
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	groundwater heavy metal precipitation caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79356b13fcf84fd2aa06614758bf935c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79356b13fcf84fd2aa06614758bf935c2021-11-25T18:25:50ZReactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier10.3390/min111111532075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/79356b13fcf84fd2aa06614758bf935c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1153https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XA laboratory method was designed and verified that allows for the testing of alkaline, magnesite-based reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to remove heavy metals from contaminated groundwater. It was found that caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) with high reactivity and low solubility to remove Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup> cations from mixed aqueous solutions can be prepared by calcination at a suitable temperature and residence time. Regarding the solubility of both the reactive material itself and the precipitates formed, the CCM should contain just a limited content of lime. One way is the calcination of a ferroan magnesite at temperatures above 1000 °C. However, the decrease in pH is accompanied by lower efficiency, attributed to the solid-phase reactions of free lime. A different way is the calcination of magnesite under the conditions when CaCO<sub>3</sub> is not thermally decomposed. The virtually complete removal of the heavy metals from the model solution was achieved using the CCM characterised by the fraction of carbonates decomposed of approximately 80% and with the highest specific surface area. CCM calcined at higher temperatures could also be used, but this would be associated with higher consumption of crude magnesite. Under the conditions considered in the present work, the product obtained by the calcination at 750 °C for 3 h appeared to be optimal. The full heavy metal removal was observed in this case using less magnesite, and, moreover, at a lower temperature (resulting, therefore, in a lower consumption of energy for the calcination and material handling).Alena FedoročkováPavel RaschmanGabriel SučikMária ŠvandováAgnesa DorákováMDPI AGarticlegroundwaterheavy metalprecipitationcaustic calcined magnesia (CCM)permeable reactive barrier (PRB)MineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1153, p 1153 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	groundwater heavy metal precipitation caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	groundwater heavy metal precipitation caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Alena Fedoročková Pavel Raschman Gabriel Sučik Mária Švandová Agnesa Doráková Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier
description	A laboratory method was designed and verified that allows for the testing of alkaline, magnesite-based reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to remove heavy metals from contaminated groundwater. It was found that caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) with high reactivity and low solubility to remove Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup> cations from mixed aqueous solutions can be prepared by calcination at a suitable temperature and residence time. Regarding the solubility of both the reactive material itself and the precipitates formed, the CCM should contain just a limited content of lime. One way is the calcination of a ferroan magnesite at temperatures above 1000 °C. However, the decrease in pH is accompanied by lower efficiency, attributed to the solid-phase reactions of free lime. A different way is the calcination of magnesite under the conditions when CaCO<sub>3</sub> is not thermally decomposed. The virtually complete removal of the heavy metals from the model solution was achieved using the CCM characterised by the fraction of carbonates decomposed of approximately 80% and with the highest specific surface area. CCM calcined at higher temperatures could also be used, but this would be associated with higher consumption of crude magnesite. Under the conditions considered in the present work, the product obtained by the calcination at 750 °C for 3 h appeared to be optimal. The full heavy metal removal was observed in this case using less magnesite, and, moreover, at a lower temperature (resulting, therefore, in a lower consumption of energy for the calcination and material handling).
format	article
author	Alena Fedoročková Pavel Raschman Gabriel Sučik Mária Švandová Agnesa Doráková
author_facet	Alena Fedoročková Pavel Raschman Gabriel Sučik Mária Švandová Agnesa Doráková
author_sort	Alena Fedoročková
title	Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier
title_short	Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier
title_full	Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier
title_fullStr	Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier
title_full_unstemmed	Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier
title_sort	reactive, sparingly soluble calcined magnesia, tailor-made as the reactive material for heavy metal removal from contaminated groundwater using permeable reactive barrier
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/79356b13fcf84fd2aa06614758bf935c
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Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier

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