Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions

Influenza A virus presents a constant pandemic threat due to the mutagenic nature of the virus and the inadequacy of current vaccines to protect against emerging strains. We have developed a whole-inactivated influenza vaccine using γ-irradiation (γ-Flu) that can protect against both vaccine-include...

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Autores principales:	Eve Victoria Singleton, Chloe Jayne Gates, Shannon Christa David, Timothy Raymond Hirst, Justin Bryan Davies, Mohammed Alsharifi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	influenza A virus gamma radiation vaccine sterility assurance level (SAL) irradiation conditions universal influenza A vaccine Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7976515b8a6744d6af5fc1635d09c44f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7976515b8a6744d6af5fc1635d09c44f2021-11-30T18:43:37ZEnhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.761632https://doaj.org/article/7976515b8a6744d6af5fc1635d09c44f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.761632/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Influenza A virus presents a constant pandemic threat due to the mutagenic nature of the virus and the inadequacy of current vaccines to protect against emerging strains. We have developed a whole-inactivated influenza vaccine using γ-irradiation (γ-Flu) that can protect against both vaccine-included strains as well as emerging pandemic strains. γ-irradiation is a widely used inactivation method and several γ-irradiated vaccines are currently in clinical or pre-clinical testing. To enhance vaccine efficacy, irradiation conditions should be carefully considered, particularly irradiation temperature. Specifically, while more damage to virus structure is expected when using higher irradiation temperatures, reduced radiation doses will be required to achieve sterility. In this study, we compared immunogenicity of γ-Flu irradiated at room temperature, chilled on ice or frozen on dry ice using different doses of γ-irradiation to meet internationally accepted sterility assurance levels. We found that, when irradiating at sterilising doses, the structural integrity and vaccine efficacy were well maintained in all preparations regardless of irradiation temperature. In fact, using a higher temperature and lower radiation dose appeared to induce higher neutralising antibody responses and more effective cytotoxic T cell responses. This outcome is expected to simplify irradiation protocols for manufacturing of highly effective irradiated vaccines.Eve Victoria SingletonChloe Jayne GatesShannon Christa DavidTimothy Raymond HirstTimothy Raymond HirstJustin Bryan DaviesMohammed AlsharifiMohammed AlsharifiFrontiers Media S.A.articleinfluenza A virusgamma radiationvaccinesterility assurance level (SAL)irradiation conditionsuniversal influenza A vaccineImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	influenza A virus gamma radiation vaccine sterility assurance level (SAL) irradiation conditions universal influenza A vaccine Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	influenza A virus gamma radiation vaccine sterility assurance level (SAL) irradiation conditions universal influenza A vaccine Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Eve Victoria Singleton Chloe Jayne Gates Shannon Christa David Timothy Raymond Hirst Timothy Raymond Hirst Justin Bryan Davies Mohammed Alsharifi Mohammed Alsharifi Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions
description	Influenza A virus presents a constant pandemic threat due to the mutagenic nature of the virus and the inadequacy of current vaccines to protect against emerging strains. We have developed a whole-inactivated influenza vaccine using γ-irradiation (γ-Flu) that can protect against both vaccine-included strains as well as emerging pandemic strains. γ-irradiation is a widely used inactivation method and several γ-irradiated vaccines are currently in clinical or pre-clinical testing. To enhance vaccine efficacy, irradiation conditions should be carefully considered, particularly irradiation temperature. Specifically, while more damage to virus structure is expected when using higher irradiation temperatures, reduced radiation doses will be required to achieve sterility. In this study, we compared immunogenicity of γ-Flu irradiated at room temperature, chilled on ice or frozen on dry ice using different doses of γ-irradiation to meet internationally accepted sterility assurance levels. We found that, when irradiating at sterilising doses, the structural integrity and vaccine efficacy were well maintained in all preparations regardless of irradiation temperature. In fact, using a higher temperature and lower radiation dose appeared to induce higher neutralising antibody responses and more effective cytotoxic T cell responses. This outcome is expected to simplify irradiation protocols for manufacturing of highly effective irradiated vaccines.
format	article
author	Eve Victoria Singleton Chloe Jayne Gates Shannon Christa David Timothy Raymond Hirst Timothy Raymond Hirst Justin Bryan Davies Mohammed Alsharifi Mohammed Alsharifi
author_facet	Eve Victoria Singleton Chloe Jayne Gates Shannon Christa David Timothy Raymond Hirst Timothy Raymond Hirst Justin Bryan Davies Mohammed Alsharifi Mohammed Alsharifi
author_sort	Eve Victoria Singleton
title	Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions
title_short	Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions
title_full	Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions
title_fullStr	Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions
title_sort	enhanced immunogenicity of a whole-inactivated influenza a virus vaccine using optimised irradiation conditions
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7976515b8a6744d6af5fc1635d09c44f
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Enhanced Immunogenicity of a Whole-Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Using Optimised Irradiation Conditions

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