Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.

The primary motor cortex (M1) is the main effector structure implicated in the generation of voluntary movements and is directly involved in motor learning. The intrinsic horizontal neuronal connections of M1 exhibit short-term and long-term plasticity, which is a strong substrate for learning-relat...

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Autores principales:	Rafael Polanía, Walter Paulus, Michael A Nitsche
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/797a50559d6542b8b7e9c802e48ef78d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:797a50559d6542b8b7e9c802e48ef78d2021-11-18T07:29:08ZReorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030971https://doaj.org/article/797a50559d6542b8b7e9c802e48ef78d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22303478/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The primary motor cortex (M1) is the main effector structure implicated in the generation of voluntary movements and is directly involved in motor learning. The intrinsic horizontal neuronal connections of M1 exhibit short-term and long-term plasticity, which is a strong substrate for learning-related map reorganization. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied for few minutes over M1 has been shown to induce relatively long-lasting plastic alterations and to modulate motor performance. Here we test the hypothesis that the relatively long-lasting synaptic modification induced by tDCS over M1 results in the alteration of associations among populations of M1 neurons which may be reflected in changes of its functional architecture. fMRI resting-state datasets were acquired immediately before and after 10 minutes of tDCS during rest, with the anode/cathode placed over the left M1. For each functional dataset, grey-matter voxels belonging to Brodmann area 4 (BA4) were labelled and afterwards BA4 voxel-based synchronization matrices were calculated and thresholded to construct undirected graphs. Nodal network parameters which characterize the architecture of functional networks (connectivity degree, clustering coefficient and characteristic path-length) were computed, transformed to volume maps and compared before and after stimulation. At the dorsolateral-BA4 region cathodal tDCS boosted local connectedness, while anodal-tDCS enhanced long distance functional communication within M1. Additionally, the more efficient the functional architecture of M1 was at baseline, the more efficient the tDCS-induced functional modulations were. In summary, we show here that it is possible to non-invasively reorganize the intrinsic functional architecture of M1, and to image such alterations.Rafael PolaníaWalter PaulusMichael A NitschePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e30971 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rafael Polanía Walter Paulus Michael A Nitsche Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
description	The primary motor cortex (M1) is the main effector structure implicated in the generation of voluntary movements and is directly involved in motor learning. The intrinsic horizontal neuronal connections of M1 exhibit short-term and long-term plasticity, which is a strong substrate for learning-related map reorganization. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied for few minutes over M1 has been shown to induce relatively long-lasting plastic alterations and to modulate motor performance. Here we test the hypothesis that the relatively long-lasting synaptic modification induced by tDCS over M1 results in the alteration of associations among populations of M1 neurons which may be reflected in changes of its functional architecture. fMRI resting-state datasets were acquired immediately before and after 10 minutes of tDCS during rest, with the anode/cathode placed over the left M1. For each functional dataset, grey-matter voxels belonging to Brodmann area 4 (BA4) were labelled and afterwards BA4 voxel-based synchronization matrices were calculated and thresholded to construct undirected graphs. Nodal network parameters which characterize the architecture of functional networks (connectivity degree, clustering coefficient and characteristic path-length) were computed, transformed to volume maps and compared before and after stimulation. At the dorsolateral-BA4 region cathodal tDCS boosted local connectedness, while anodal-tDCS enhanced long distance functional communication within M1. Additionally, the more efficient the functional architecture of M1 was at baseline, the more efficient the tDCS-induced functional modulations were. In summary, we show here that it is possible to non-invasively reorganize the intrinsic functional architecture of M1, and to image such alterations.
format	article
author	Rafael Polanía Walter Paulus Michael A Nitsche
author_facet	Rafael Polanía Walter Paulus Michael A Nitsche
author_sort	Rafael Polanía
title	Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
title_short	Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
title_full	Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
title_fullStr	Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
title_full_unstemmed	Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
title_sort	reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/797a50559d6542b8b7e9c802e48ef78d
work_keys_str_mv	AT rafaelpolania reorganizingtheintrinsicfunctionalarchitectureofthehumanprimarymotorcortexduringrestwithnoninvasivecorticalstimulation AT walterpaulus reorganizingtheintrinsicfunctionalarchitectureofthehumanprimarymotorcortexduringrestwithnoninvasivecorticalstimulation AT michaelanitsche reorganizingtheintrinsicfunctionalarchitectureofthehumanprimarymotorcortexduringrestwithnoninvasivecorticalstimulation
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Reorganizing the intrinsic functional architecture of the human primary motor cortex during rest with non-invasive cortical stimulation.

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