The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity

The Farnesoid-X Receptor, FXR, is a nuclear bile acid receptor. Its originally described function is in bile acid synthesis and regulation within the liver. More recently, however, FXR has been increasingly appreciated for its breadth of function and expression across multiple organ systems, includi...

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Autores principales:	Kemp M. Anderson, Christopher P. Gayer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Farnesoid X Receptor intestine innate immunity inflammation fibroblast growth factor small heterodimer protein Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/797ddc43b94540508e5e69cc1d28fb8e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:797ddc43b94540508e5e69cc1d28fb8e2021-11-25T17:12:52ZThe Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity10.3390/cells101132062073-4409https://doaj.org/article/797ddc43b94540508e5e69cc1d28fb8e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3206https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409The Farnesoid-X Receptor, FXR, is a nuclear bile acid receptor. Its originally described function is in bile acid synthesis and regulation within the liver. More recently, however, FXR has been increasingly appreciated for its breadth of function and expression across multiple organ systems, including the intestine. While FXR’s role within the liver continues to be investigated, increasing literature indicates that FXR has important roles in responding to inflammation, maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function, and regulating immunity within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Given the complicated and multi-factorial nature of intestinal barrier dysfunction, it is not surprising that FXR’s role appears equally complicated and not without conflicting data in different model systems. Recent work has suggested translational applications of FXR modulation in GI pathology; however, a better understanding of FXR physiology is necessary for these treatments to gain widespread use in human disease. This review aims to discuss current scientific work on the role of FXR within the GI tract, specifically in its role in intestinal inflammation, barrier function, and immune response, while also exploring areas of controversy.Kemp M. AndersonChristopher P. GayerMDPI AGarticleFarnesoid X Receptorintestineinnate immunityinflammationfibroblast growth factorsmall heterodimer proteinBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3206, p 3206 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Farnesoid X Receptor intestine innate immunity inflammation fibroblast growth factor small heterodimer protein Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Farnesoid X Receptor intestine innate immunity inflammation fibroblast growth factor small heterodimer protein Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kemp M. Anderson Christopher P. Gayer The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity
description	The Farnesoid-X Receptor, FXR, is a nuclear bile acid receptor. Its originally described function is in bile acid synthesis and regulation within the liver. More recently, however, FXR has been increasingly appreciated for its breadth of function and expression across multiple organ systems, including the intestine. While FXR’s role within the liver continues to be investigated, increasing literature indicates that FXR has important roles in responding to inflammation, maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function, and regulating immunity within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Given the complicated and multi-factorial nature of intestinal barrier dysfunction, it is not surprising that FXR’s role appears equally complicated and not without conflicting data in different model systems. Recent work has suggested translational applications of FXR modulation in GI pathology; however, a better understanding of FXR physiology is necessary for these treatments to gain widespread use in human disease. This review aims to discuss current scientific work on the role of FXR within the GI tract, specifically in its role in intestinal inflammation, barrier function, and immune response, while also exploring areas of controversy.
format	article
author	Kemp M. Anderson Christopher P. Gayer
author_facet	Kemp M. Anderson Christopher P. Gayer
author_sort	Kemp M. Anderson
title	The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity
title_short	The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity
title_full	The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity
title_fullStr	The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity
title_full_unstemmed	The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity
title_sort	pathophysiology of farnesoid x receptor (fxr) in the gi tract: inflammation, barrier function and innate immunity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/797ddc43b94540508e5e69cc1d28fb8e
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The Pathophysiology of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in the GI Tract: Inflammation, Barrier Function and Innate Immunity

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