Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients

Based on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method...

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Autores principales:	Yongchao Ma, Hang Liu, Guochang Xu, Zhiping Lu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	tropospheric delay spherical harmonic function empirical orthogonal function ERA-5 data Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79a81aa0a13c4692a87c009d7e96cdaf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79a81aa0a13c4692a87c009d7e96cdaf2021-11-11T18:55:03ZEmpirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients10.3390/rs132143852072-4292https://doaj.org/article/79a81aa0a13c4692a87c009d7e96cdaf2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4385https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Based on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and periodic functions. We apply tropospheric delay derived from IGS stations not involved in modeling as reference data for validating the dataset, and statistical results indicate that the global mean Bias of the SH_set is 0.08 cm, while the average global root mean square error (RMSE) is 2.61 cm, which meets the requirements of the tropospheric delay model applied in the wide-area augmentation system (WAAS), indicating the feasibility of the product strategy. The tropospheric delay calculated with global sounding station and tropospheric delay products of IGS stations in 2020 are employed to validate the new product model. It is verified that the EGtrop model has high accuracy with Bias and RMSE of −0.25 cm and 3.79 cm, respectively, with respect to the sounding station, and with Bias and RMSE of 0.42 cm and 3.65 cm, respectively, with respect to IGS products. The EGtrop model is applicable not only at the global scale but also at the regional scale and exhibits the advantage of local enhancement.Yongchao MaHang LiuGuochang XuZhiping LuMDPI AGarticletropospheric delayspherical harmonic functionempirical orthogonal functionERA-5 dataGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)ScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4385, p 4385 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tropospheric delay spherical harmonic function empirical orthogonal function ERA-5 data Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Science Q
spellingShingle	tropospheric delay spherical harmonic function empirical orthogonal function ERA-5 data Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Science Q Yongchao Ma Hang Liu Guochang Xu Zhiping Lu Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
description	Based on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and periodic functions. We apply tropospheric delay derived from IGS stations not involved in modeling as reference data for validating the dataset, and statistical results indicate that the global mean Bias of the SH_set is 0.08 cm, while the average global root mean square error (RMSE) is 2.61 cm, which meets the requirements of the tropospheric delay model applied in the wide-area augmentation system (WAAS), indicating the feasibility of the product strategy. The tropospheric delay calculated with global sounding station and tropospheric delay products of IGS stations in 2020 are employed to validate the new product model. It is verified that the EGtrop model has high accuracy with Bias and RMSE of −0.25 cm and 3.79 cm, respectively, with respect to the sounding station, and with Bias and RMSE of 0.42 cm and 3.65 cm, respectively, with respect to IGS products. The EGtrop model is applicable not only at the global scale but also at the regional scale and exhibits the advantage of local enhancement.
format	article
author	Yongchao Ma Hang Liu Guochang Xu Zhiping Lu
author_facet	Yongchao Ma Hang Liu Guochang Xu Zhiping Lu
author_sort	Yongchao Ma
title	Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
title_short	Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
title_full	Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
title_fullStr	Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
title_full_unstemmed	Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
title_sort	empirical orthogonal function analysis and modeling of global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic coefficients
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/79a81aa0a13c4692a87c009d7e96cdaf
work_keys_str_mv	AT yongchaoma empiricalorthogonalfunctionanalysisandmodelingofglobaltroposphericdelaysphericalharmoniccoefficients AT hangliu empiricalorthogonalfunctionanalysisandmodelingofglobaltroposphericdelaysphericalharmoniccoefficients AT guochangxu empiricalorthogonalfunctionanalysisandmodelingofglobaltroposphericdelaysphericalharmoniccoefficients AT zhipinglu empiricalorthogonalfunctionanalysisandmodelingofglobaltroposphericdelaysphericalharmoniccoefficients
_version_	1718431653705023488

Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients

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