Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection

Rural populations in Tanzania use unsafe drinking water from unimproved water sources which are inadequately treated using plant seed powder. The effectiveness of defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) of Moringa oleifera along with water filtration and solar disinfection (SODIS) for rural household wat...

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Autores principales:	Nancy Jotham Marobhe, Shadrack Mwita Sabai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	moringa seed protein rural women tanzania turbid water water purification Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79aa4f2f5bff4400a2a2533bd0ea8e94
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79aa4f2f5bff4400a2a2533bd0ea8e942021-11-05T19:34:24ZTreatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection2043-90832408-936210.2166/washdev.2021.253https://doaj.org/article/79aa4f2f5bff4400a2a2533bd0ea8e942021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/11/4/579https://doaj.org/toc/2043-9083https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9362Rural populations in Tanzania use unsafe drinking water from unimproved water sources which are inadequately treated using plant seed powder. The effectiveness of defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) of Moringa oleifera along with water filtration and solar disinfection (SODIS) for rural household water treatment was investigated. The performance of dCSE in turbidity and bacteria reduction was evaluated in 20 L buckets using river water with varied turbidities. Coagulation–flocculation processes were conducted using different dosages of 5% (Weight/Volume) dCSE. Optimum dosage for maximum turbid removal was established after 2–6 h of settling time. Optimum dosages of dCSE were 20, 30 and 80 mL/20 L for water with a turbidity of 150, 450 and 1,000 NTU with turbidity removal efficiencies of 98, 99 and 99%, respectively. The filtration process was able to remove about 66% of suspended solids from pretreated water by dCSE after coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation. SODIS of pretreated water in black painted and unpainted bottles removed 99 and 97.6%; 99.9 and 98.6% of total and fecal coliforms after 6 h of sunlight exposure, respectively. The pH and color of treated water were within Tanzania Standards. This study recommends dCSE, filtration and SODIS for use at household level for water treatment and storage using pots. HIGHLIGHTS The defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) can be used for turbid water treatment in Tanzania.; The elevated solar radiation and temperature between 12 noon and 3 p.m. disinfect water clarified by dCSE for drinking in rural communities.; The developed water treatment technology can directly apply at household level with limited formal technical knowledge.;Nancy Jotham MarobheShadrack Mwita SabaiIWA Publishingarticlemoringa seed proteinrural womentanzaniaturbid waterwater purificationEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENJournal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 579-590 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	moringa seed protein rural women tanzania turbid water water purification Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	moringa seed protein rural women tanzania turbid water water purification Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Nancy Jotham Marobhe Shadrack Mwita Sabai Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
description	Rural populations in Tanzania use unsafe drinking water from unimproved water sources which are inadequately treated using plant seed powder. The effectiveness of defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) of Moringa oleifera along with water filtration and solar disinfection (SODIS) for rural household water treatment was investigated. The performance of dCSE in turbidity and bacteria reduction was evaluated in 20 L buckets using river water with varied turbidities. Coagulation–flocculation processes were conducted using different dosages of 5% (Weight/Volume) dCSE. Optimum dosage for maximum turbid removal was established after 2–6 h of settling time. Optimum dosages of dCSE were 20, 30 and 80 mL/20 L for water with a turbidity of 150, 450 and 1,000 NTU with turbidity removal efficiencies of 98, 99 and 99%, respectively. The filtration process was able to remove about 66% of suspended solids from pretreated water by dCSE after coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation. SODIS of pretreated water in black painted and unpainted bottles removed 99 and 97.6%; 99.9 and 98.6% of total and fecal coliforms after 6 h of sunlight exposure, respectively. The pH and color of treated water were within Tanzania Standards. This study recommends dCSE, filtration and SODIS for use at household level for water treatment and storage using pots. HIGHLIGHTS The defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) can be used for turbid water treatment in Tanzania.; The elevated solar radiation and temperature between 12 noon and 3 p.m. disinfect water clarified by dCSE for drinking in rural communities.; The developed water treatment technology can directly apply at household level with limited formal technical knowledge.;
format	article
author	Nancy Jotham Marobhe Shadrack Mwita Sabai
author_facet	Nancy Jotham Marobhe Shadrack Mwita Sabai
author_sort	Nancy Jotham Marobhe
title	Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
title_short	Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
title_full	Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
title_fullStr	Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
title_full_unstemmed	Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
title_sort	treatment of drinking water for rural households using moringa seed and solar disinfection
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/79aa4f2f5bff4400a2a2533bd0ea8e94
work_keys_str_mv	AT nancyjothammarobhe treatmentofdrinkingwaterforruralhouseholdsusingmoringaseedandsolardisinfection AT shadrackmwitasabai treatmentofdrinkingwaterforruralhouseholdsusingmoringaseedandsolardisinfection
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Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection

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