Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.

<h4>Background</h4>Assessing the relative value of cocaine and how it changes with chronic drug use represents a long-standing goal in addiction research. Surprisingly, recent experiments in rats--by far the most frequently used animal model in this field--suggest that the value of cocai...

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Autores principales:	Lauriane Cantin, Magalie Lenoir, Eric Augier, Nathalie Vanhille, Sarah Dubreucq, Fuschia Serre, Caroline Vouillac, Serge H Ahmed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79c0d3f70e0140b2bf9f5af8940f9fdd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79c0d3f70e0140b2bf9f5af8940f9fdd2021-12-02T20:19:42ZCocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0011592https://doaj.org/article/79c0d3f70e0140b2bf9f5af8940f9fdd2010-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20676364/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Assessing the relative value of cocaine and how it changes with chronic drug use represents a long-standing goal in addiction research. Surprisingly, recent experiments in rats--by far the most frequently used animal model in this field--suggest that the value of cocaine is lower than previously thought.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we report a series of choice experiments that better define the relative position of cocaine on the value ladder of rats (i.e., preference rank-ordering of different rewards). Rats were allowed to choose either taking cocaine or drinking water sweetened with saccharin--a nondrug alternative that is not biologically essential. By systematically varying the cost and concentration of sweet water, we found that cocaine is low on the value ladder of the large majority of rats, near the lowest concentrations of sweet water. In addition, a retrospective analysis of all experiments over the past 5 years revealed that no matter how heavy was past cocaine use most rats readily give up cocaine use in favor of the nondrug alternative. Only a minority, fewer than 15% at the heaviest level of past cocaine use, continued to take cocaine, even when hungry and offered a natural sugar that could relieve their need of calories.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This pattern of results (cocaine abstinence in most rats; cocaine preference in few rats) maps well onto the epidemiology of human cocaine addiction and suggests that only a minority of rats would be vulnerable to cocaine addiction while the large majority would be resilient despite extensive drug use. Resilience to drug addiction has long been suspected in humans but could not be firmly established, mostly because it is difficult to control retrospectively for differences in drug self-exposure and/or availability in human drug users. This conclusion has important implications for preclinical research on the neurobiology of cocaine addiction and for future medication development.Lauriane CantinMagalie LenoirEric AugierNathalie VanhilleSarah DubreucqFuschia SerreCaroline VouillacSerge H AhmedPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 7, p e11592 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lauriane Cantin Magalie Lenoir Eric Augier Nathalie Vanhille Sarah Dubreucq Fuschia Serre Caroline Vouillac Serge H Ahmed Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Assessing the relative value of cocaine and how it changes with chronic drug use represents a long-standing goal in addiction research. Surprisingly, recent experiments in rats--by far the most frequently used animal model in this field--suggest that the value of cocaine is lower than previously thought.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we report a series of choice experiments that better define the relative position of cocaine on the value ladder of rats (i.e., preference rank-ordering of different rewards). Rats were allowed to choose either taking cocaine or drinking water sweetened with saccharin--a nondrug alternative that is not biologically essential. By systematically varying the cost and concentration of sweet water, we found that cocaine is low on the value ladder of the large majority of rats, near the lowest concentrations of sweet water. In addition, a retrospective analysis of all experiments over the past 5 years revealed that no matter how heavy was past cocaine use most rats readily give up cocaine use in favor of the nondrug alternative. Only a minority, fewer than 15% at the heaviest level of past cocaine use, continued to take cocaine, even when hungry and offered a natural sugar that could relieve their need of calories.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This pattern of results (cocaine abstinence in most rats; cocaine preference in few rats) maps well onto the epidemiology of human cocaine addiction and suggests that only a minority of rats would be vulnerable to cocaine addiction while the large majority would be resilient despite extensive drug use. Resilience to drug addiction has long been suspected in humans but could not be firmly established, mostly because it is difficult to control retrospectively for differences in drug self-exposure and/or availability in human drug users. This conclusion has important implications for preclinical research on the neurobiology of cocaine addiction and for future medication development.
format	article
author	Lauriane Cantin Magalie Lenoir Eric Augier Nathalie Vanhille Sarah Dubreucq Fuschia Serre Caroline Vouillac Serge H Ahmed
author_facet	Lauriane Cantin Magalie Lenoir Eric Augier Nathalie Vanhille Sarah Dubreucq Fuschia Serre Caroline Vouillac Serge H Ahmed
author_sort	Lauriane Cantin
title	Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
title_short	Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
title_full	Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
title_fullStr	Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
title_full_unstemmed	Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
title_sort	cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/79c0d3f70e0140b2bf9f5af8940f9fdd
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Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction.

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