<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep

Natural, non-toxic feed additives can potentially replace chemical medications and antibiotics that are offered sheep to improve performance. In the present study, Tibetan sheep were supplemented with the root of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (AMT), a traditional herb used widely in Chi...

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Autores principales:	Xianju Wang, Changsheng Hu, Luming Ding, Yiguo Tang, Haiyan Wei, Cuixia Jiang, Qi Yan, Quanmin Dong, Abraham Allan Degen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> rumen bacteria Tibetan sheep immunity indices antioxidant capacity Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79cf69d83ee546f08b14f251d3fa8111
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79cf69d83ee546f08b14f251d3fa81112021-11-25T16:19:41Z<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep10.3390/ani111132362076-2615https://doaj.org/article/79cf69d83ee546f08b14f251d3fa81112021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3236https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Natural, non-toxic feed additives can potentially replace chemical medications and antibiotics that are offered sheep to improve performance. In the present study, Tibetan sheep were supplemented with the root of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (AMT), a traditional herb used widely in China. Twenty-four male Tibetan sheep (31 ± 1.4 kg; 9-month-old) were assigned randomly to one of four levels of supplementary AMT: 0 g/kg (A<sub>0</sub>), 20 g/kg (A<sub>20</sub>), 50 g/kg (A<sub>50</sub>) and 80 g/kg (A<sub>80</sub>) dry matter intake (DMI). The A<sub>50</sub> and A<sub>80</sub> groups increased the diversity of rumen bacteria on d 14 and the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria. Supplementary AMT upregulated the metabolism of vitamins, nucleotides, amino acids and glycan, and downregulated the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. In addition, supplementary AMT enriched rumen bacteria for drug resistance, and reduced bacteria incurring cell motility. In general, AMT supplementation increased the concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucosa and CAT and SOD in meat tissue. The liver tissue metabolome response showed that AMT in the A<sub>80</sub> lambs compared to the A<sub>0</sub> lambs upregulated the metabolites for energy synthesis. It was concluded that supplementary <i>A. membranaceus</i> increased the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria and improved the antioxidant capacities and immunity indices of small intestinal mucosa and meat tissue in Tibetan sheep.Xianju WangChangsheng HuLuming DingYiguo TangHaiyan WeiCuixia JiangQi YanQuanmin DongAbraham Allan DegenMDPI AGarticle<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>rumen bacteriaTibetan sheepimmunity indicesantioxidant capacityVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3236, p 3236 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> rumen bacteria Tibetan sheep immunity indices antioxidant capacity Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> rumen bacteria Tibetan sheep immunity indices antioxidant capacity Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Xianju Wang Changsheng Hu Luming Ding Yiguo Tang Haiyan Wei Cuixia Jiang Qi Yan Quanmin Dong Abraham Allan Degen <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep
description	Natural, non-toxic feed additives can potentially replace chemical medications and antibiotics that are offered sheep to improve performance. In the present study, Tibetan sheep were supplemented with the root of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (AMT), a traditional herb used widely in China. Twenty-four male Tibetan sheep (31 ± 1.4 kg; 9-month-old) were assigned randomly to one of four levels of supplementary AMT: 0 g/kg (A<sub>0</sub>), 20 g/kg (A<sub>20</sub>), 50 g/kg (A<sub>50</sub>) and 80 g/kg (A<sub>80</sub>) dry matter intake (DMI). The A<sub>50</sub> and A<sub>80</sub> groups increased the diversity of rumen bacteria on d 14 and the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria. Supplementary AMT upregulated the metabolism of vitamins, nucleotides, amino acids and glycan, and downregulated the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. In addition, supplementary AMT enriched rumen bacteria for drug resistance, and reduced bacteria incurring cell motility. In general, AMT supplementation increased the concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucosa and CAT and SOD in meat tissue. The liver tissue metabolome response showed that AMT in the A<sub>80</sub> lambs compared to the A<sub>0</sub> lambs upregulated the metabolites for energy synthesis. It was concluded that supplementary <i>A. membranaceus</i> increased the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria and improved the antioxidant capacities and immunity indices of small intestinal mucosa and meat tissue in Tibetan sheep.
format	article
author	Xianju Wang Changsheng Hu Luming Ding Yiguo Tang Haiyan Wei Cuixia Jiang Qi Yan Quanmin Dong Abraham Allan Degen
author_facet	Xianju Wang Changsheng Hu Luming Ding Yiguo Tang Haiyan Wei Cuixia Jiang Qi Yan Quanmin Dong Abraham Allan Degen
author_sort	Xianju Wang
title	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep
title_short	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep
title_full	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep
title_fullStr	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep
title_sort	<i>astragalus membranaceus</i> alters rumen bacteria to enhance fiber digestion, improves antioxidant capacity and immunity indices of small intestinal mucosa, and enhances liver metabolites for energy synthesis in tibetan sheep
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/79cf69d83ee546f08b14f251d3fa8111
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<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep

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