Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, which can lead to the activation of viral replication and negatively regulate the activation of T cells. Dysregulation in the production of cytokines necessary to fight HIV and <i>M. tuberculosis</i> may ultimately aff...

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Autores principales:	Marina Nosik, Konstantin Ryzhov, Irina Rymanova, Alexandr Sobkin, Alexey Kravtchenko, Ulyana Kuimova, Vadim Pokrovsky, Vitaly Zverev, Oxana Svitich
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	HIV tuberculosis HIV/TB co-infection cytokine profile ART immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79d65099b0f64598a077ab8970a47278
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79d65099b0f64598a077ab8970a472782021-11-25T18:24:53ZDynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection10.3390/microorganisms91122912076-2607https://doaj.org/article/79d65099b0f64598a077ab8970a472782021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2291https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, which can lead to the activation of viral replication and negatively regulate the activation of T cells. Dysregulation in the production of cytokines necessary to fight HIV and <i>M. tuberculosis</i> may ultimately affect the results of the treatment and be important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and TB. This work presents the results of a study of the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) in drug-naïve patients with dual infection of HIV/TB at the late stages of HIV-infection, with newly diagnosed HIV and TB, and previously untreated HIV in the process of receiving antiretroviral (ART) and TB treatment vs. a cohort of patients with HIV monoinfection and TB monoinfection. The study revealed that during a double HIV/TB infection, both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are suppressed, and a prolonged dysregulation of the immune response and an increased severity of the disease in pulmonary/extrapulmonary tuberculosis is observed in HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, it was revealed that a double HIV/TB infection is characterized by delayed and incomplete recovery of immune activity. High levels of IL-6 were detected in patients with HIV/TB co-infection before initiation of dual therapy (2.1-fold increase vs. HIV), which persisted even after 6 months of treatment (8.96-fold increase vs. HIV), unlike other cytokines. The persistent enhanced expression of IL-6 in patients with dual HIV/TB co-infection allows the consideration of it as a potential marker of early detection of M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed a statistical trend towards an increase in the incidence of IRIS in patients with high IL-1Ra levels (in the range of 1550–2500 pg/mL): OR = 4.3 (95%CI 3.7–14.12, <i>p</i> = 0.53), which also allows IL-1Ra to be considered as a potential predictive biomarker of the development of TB-IRIS and treatment outcomes.Marina NosikKonstantin RyzhovIrina RymanovaAlexandr SobkinAlexey KravtchenkoUlyana KuimovaVadim PokrovskyVitaly ZverevOxana SvitichMDPI AGarticleHIVtuberculosisHIV/TB co-infectioncytokine profileARTimmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2291, p 2291 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV tuberculosis HIV/TB co-infection cytokine profile ART immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	HIV tuberculosis HIV/TB co-infection cytokine profile ART immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Marina Nosik Konstantin Ryzhov Irina Rymanova Alexandr Sobkin Alexey Kravtchenko Ulyana Kuimova Vadim Pokrovsky Vitaly Zverev Oxana Svitich Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
description	Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, which can lead to the activation of viral replication and negatively regulate the activation of T cells. Dysregulation in the production of cytokines necessary to fight HIV and <i>M. tuberculosis</i> may ultimately affect the results of the treatment and be important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and TB. This work presents the results of a study of the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) in drug-naïve patients with dual infection of HIV/TB at the late stages of HIV-infection, with newly diagnosed HIV and TB, and previously untreated HIV in the process of receiving antiretroviral (ART) and TB treatment vs. a cohort of patients with HIV monoinfection and TB monoinfection. The study revealed that during a double HIV/TB infection, both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are suppressed, and a prolonged dysregulation of the immune response and an increased severity of the disease in pulmonary/extrapulmonary tuberculosis is observed in HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, it was revealed that a double HIV/TB infection is characterized by delayed and incomplete recovery of immune activity. High levels of IL-6 were detected in patients with HIV/TB co-infection before initiation of dual therapy (2.1-fold increase vs. HIV), which persisted even after 6 months of treatment (8.96-fold increase vs. HIV), unlike other cytokines. The persistent enhanced expression of IL-6 in patients with dual HIV/TB co-infection allows the consideration of it as a potential marker of early detection of M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed a statistical trend towards an increase in the incidence of IRIS in patients with high IL-1Ra levels (in the range of 1550–2500 pg/mL): OR = 4.3 (95%CI 3.7–14.12, <i>p</i> = 0.53), which also allows IL-1Ra to be considered as a potential predictive biomarker of the development of TB-IRIS and treatment outcomes.
format	article
author	Marina Nosik Konstantin Ryzhov Irina Rymanova Alexandr Sobkin Alexey Kravtchenko Ulyana Kuimova Vadim Pokrovsky Vitaly Zverev Oxana Svitich
author_facet	Marina Nosik Konstantin Ryzhov Irina Rymanova Alexandr Sobkin Alexey Kravtchenko Ulyana Kuimova Vadim Pokrovsky Vitaly Zverev Oxana Svitich
author_sort	Marina Nosik
title	Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
title_short	Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
title_full	Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
title_fullStr	Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
title_sort	dynamics of plasmatic levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in hiv-infected individuals with <i>m. tuberculosis</i> co-infection
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/79d65099b0f64598a077ab8970a47278
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Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection

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