Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update

Hui-Leng Tan,1,2 David Gozal,1 Leila Kheirandish-Gozal1 1Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medici...

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Autores principales:	Tan HL, Gozal D, Kheirandish-Gozal L
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79f3722e32ce404db50f3d8ec984308b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79f3722e32ce404db50f3d8ec984308b2021-12-02T06:34:46ZObstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/79f3722e32ce404db50f3d8ec984308b2013-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-children-a-critical-update-a14482https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Hui-Leng Tan,1,2 David Gozal,1 Leila Kheirandish-Gozal1 1Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a highly prevalent disorder caused by a conglomeration of complex pathophysiological processes, leading to recurrent upper airway dysfunction during sleep. The clinical relevance of OSA resides in its association with significant morbidities that affect the cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and metabolic systems. The American Academy of Pediatrics recently reiterated its recommendations that children with symptoms and signs suggestive of OSA should be investigated with polysomnography (PSG), and treated accordingly. However, treatment decisions should not only be guided by PSG results, but should also integrate the magnitude of symptoms and the presence or absence of risk factors and signs of OSA morbidity. The first-line therapy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy is adenotonsillectomy, although there is increasing evidence that medical therapy, in the form of intranasal steroids or montelukast, may be considered in mild OSA. In this review, we delineate the major concepts regarding the pathophysiology of OSA, its morbidity, diagnosis, and treatment. Keywords: adenotonsillar hypertrophy, polysomnography, pathophysiology, morbidity, treatment, pediatric sleep disordered breathingTan HLGozal DKheirandish-Gozal LDove Medical PressarticlePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 109-123 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Tan HL Gozal D Kheirandish-Gozal L Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
description	Hui-Leng Tan,1,2 David Gozal,1 Leila Kheirandish-Gozal1 1Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a highly prevalent disorder caused by a conglomeration of complex pathophysiological processes, leading to recurrent upper airway dysfunction during sleep. The clinical relevance of OSA resides in its association with significant morbidities that affect the cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and metabolic systems. The American Academy of Pediatrics recently reiterated its recommendations that children with symptoms and signs suggestive of OSA should be investigated with polysomnography (PSG), and treated accordingly. However, treatment decisions should not only be guided by PSG results, but should also integrate the magnitude of symptoms and the presence or absence of risk factors and signs of OSA morbidity. The first-line therapy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy is adenotonsillectomy, although there is increasing evidence that medical therapy, in the form of intranasal steroids or montelukast, may be considered in mild OSA. In this review, we delineate the major concepts regarding the pathophysiology of OSA, its morbidity, diagnosis, and treatment. Keywords: adenotonsillar hypertrophy, polysomnography, pathophysiology, morbidity, treatment, pediatric sleep disordered breathing
format	article
author	Tan HL Gozal D Kheirandish-Gozal L
author_facet	Tan HL Gozal D Kheirandish-Gozal L
author_sort	Tan HL
title	Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
title_short	Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
title_full	Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
title_fullStr	Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
title_full_unstemmed	Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
title_sort	obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/79f3722e32ce404db50f3d8ec984308b
work_keys_str_mv	AT tanhl obstructivesleepapneainchildrenacriticalupdate AT gozald obstructivesleepapneainchildrenacriticalupdate AT kheirandishgozall obstructivesleepapneainchildrenacriticalupdate
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Obstructive sleep apnea in children: a critical update

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