A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a non-communicable disease characterised by a cluster of metabolic irregularities. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) usage is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to look at biochemical me...

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Autores principales:	Jivanka Mohan, Terisha Ghazi, Anil A. Chuturgoon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	metabolic syndrome HIV ARVs mitochondrial dysfunction inflammation epigenetics Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/79fa9f3eb30b4e458231742333111c98
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:79fa9f3eb30b4e458231742333111c982021-11-11T17:25:42ZA Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome10.3390/ijms2221120201422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/79fa9f3eb30b4e458231742333111c982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/12020https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a non-communicable disease characterised by a cluster of metabolic irregularities. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) usage is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to look at biochemical mechanisms and epigenetic modifications associated with HIV, ARVs, and MetS. More specifically, emphasis was placed on mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, lipodystrophy, and dyslipidaemia. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction was the most common mechanism that induced metabolic complications. Our findings suggest that protease inhibitors (PIs) are more commonly implicated in MetS-related effects than other classes of ARVs. Furthermore, we highlight epigenetic studies linking HIV and ARV usage to MetS and stress the need for more studies, as the current literature remains limited despite the advancement in and popularity of epigenetics.Jivanka MohanTerisha GhaziAnil A. ChuturgoonMDPI AGarticlemetabolic syndromeHIVARVsmitochondrial dysfunctioninflammationepigeneticsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12020, p 12020 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metabolic syndrome HIV ARVs mitochondrial dysfunction inflammation epigenetics Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	metabolic syndrome HIV ARVs mitochondrial dysfunction inflammation epigenetics Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Jivanka Mohan Terisha Ghazi Anil A. Chuturgoon A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
description	Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a non-communicable disease characterised by a cluster of metabolic irregularities. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) usage is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to look at biochemical mechanisms and epigenetic modifications associated with HIV, ARVs, and MetS. More specifically, emphasis was placed on mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, lipodystrophy, and dyslipidaemia. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction was the most common mechanism that induced metabolic complications. Our findings suggest that protease inhibitors (PIs) are more commonly implicated in MetS-related effects than other classes of ARVs. Furthermore, we highlight epigenetic studies linking HIV and ARV usage to MetS and stress the need for more studies, as the current literature remains limited despite the advancement in and popularity of epigenetics.
format	article
author	Jivanka Mohan Terisha Ghazi Anil A. Chuturgoon
author_facet	Jivanka Mohan Terisha Ghazi Anil A. Chuturgoon
author_sort	Jivanka Mohan
title	A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
title_short	A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
title_full	A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
title_fullStr	A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed	A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
title_sort	critical review of the biochemical mechanisms and epigenetic modifications in hiv- and antiretroviral-induced metabolic syndrome
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/79fa9f3eb30b4e458231742333111c98
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A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

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