Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments

Abstract Immersive virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly used to evaluate human responses to design variables. VEs provide a tremendous capacity to isolate and readily adjust specific features of an architectural or product design. They also allow researchers to safely and effectively measure...

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Autores principales:	Saleh Kalantari, James D. Rounds, Julia Kan, Vidushi Tripathi, Jesus G. Cruz-Garza
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7a016348a4384cd9b2124881f6e18725
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7a016348a4384cd9b2124881f6e187252021-12-02T15:42:59ZComparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments10.1038/s41598-021-89297-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7a016348a4384cd9b2124881f6e187252021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89297-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Immersive virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly used to evaluate human responses to design variables. VEs provide a tremendous capacity to isolate and readily adjust specific features of an architectural or product design. They also allow researchers to safely and effectively measure performance factors and physiological responses. However, the success of this form of design-testing depends on the generalizability of response measurements between VEs and real-world contexts. At the current time, there is very limited research evaluating the consistency of human response data across identical real and virtual environments. Rendering tools were used to precisely replicate a real-world classroom in virtual space. Participants were recruited and asked to complete a series of cognitive tests in the real classroom and in the virtual classroom. Physiological data were collected during these tests, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electrooculography (EOG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and head acceleration. Participants’ accuracy on the cognitive tests did not significantly differ between the real classroom and the identical VE. However, the participants answered the tests more rapidly in the VE. No significant differences were found in eye blink rate and heart rate between the real and VR settings. Head acceleration and GSR variance were lower in the VE setting. Overall, EEG frequency band-power was not significantly altered between the real-world classroom and the VE. Analysis of EEG event-related potentials likewise indicated strong similarity between the real-world classroom and the VE, with a single exception related to executive functioning in a color-mismatch task.Saleh KalantariJames D. RoundsJulia KanVidushi TripathiJesus G. Cruz-GarzaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Saleh Kalantari James D. Rounds Julia Kan Vidushi Tripathi Jesus G. Cruz-Garza Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
description	Abstract Immersive virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly used to evaluate human responses to design variables. VEs provide a tremendous capacity to isolate and readily adjust specific features of an architectural or product design. They also allow researchers to safely and effectively measure performance factors and physiological responses. However, the success of this form of design-testing depends on the generalizability of response measurements between VEs and real-world contexts. At the current time, there is very limited research evaluating the consistency of human response data across identical real and virtual environments. Rendering tools were used to precisely replicate a real-world classroom in virtual space. Participants were recruited and asked to complete a series of cognitive tests in the real classroom and in the virtual classroom. Physiological data were collected during these tests, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electrooculography (EOG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and head acceleration. Participants’ accuracy on the cognitive tests did not significantly differ between the real classroom and the identical VE. However, the participants answered the tests more rapidly in the VE. No significant differences were found in eye blink rate and heart rate between the real and VR settings. Head acceleration and GSR variance were lower in the VE setting. Overall, EEG frequency band-power was not significantly altered between the real-world classroom and the VE. Analysis of EEG event-related potentials likewise indicated strong similarity between the real-world classroom and the VE, with a single exception related to executive functioning in a color-mismatch task.
format	article
author	Saleh Kalantari James D. Rounds Julia Kan Vidushi Tripathi Jesus G. Cruz-Garza
author_facet	Saleh Kalantari James D. Rounds Julia Kan Vidushi Tripathi Jesus G. Cruz-Garza
author_sort	Saleh Kalantari
title	Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
title_short	Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
title_full	Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
title_fullStr	Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
title_full_unstemmed	Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
title_sort	comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7a016348a4384cd9b2124881f6e18725
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Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments

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