Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event

Carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for events lasting longer than 3h indicate that athletes should ingest up to 90g.h.−1 of multiple transportable carbohydrates (MTC). We examined the dietary intake of amateur (males: n=11, females: n=7) ultra-endurance runners (mean age and mass 41.5±5.1year...

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Autores principales:	Emma J. Kinrade, Stuart D. R. Galloway
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	multiple transportable carbohydrates sport continuous glucose monitors exercise nutrition Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7a0faf28249c40de9042b0c8bd9848cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7a0faf28249c40de9042b0c8bd9848cf2021-11-30T18:18:04ZDietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.765888https://doaj.org/article/7a0faf28249c40de9042b0c8bd9848cf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.765888/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XCarbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for events lasting longer than 3h indicate that athletes should ingest up to 90g.h.−1 of multiple transportable carbohydrates (MTC). We examined the dietary intake of amateur (males: n=11, females: n=7) ultra-endurance runners (mean age and mass 41.5±5.1years and 75.8±11.7kg) prior to, and during a 24-h ultra-endurance event. Heart rate and interstitial glucose concentration (indwelling sensor) were also tracked throughout the event. Pre-race diet (each 24 over 48h) was recorded via weighed intake and included the pre-race meal (1–4h pre-race). In-race diet (24h event) was recorded continuously, in-field, by the research team. Analysis revealed that runners did not meet the majority of CHO intake recommendations. CHO intake over 24–48h pre-race was lower than recommended (4.0±1.4g·kg−1; 42±9% of total energy), although pre-race meal CHO intake was within recommended levels (1.5±0.7g·kg−1). In-race CHO intake was only in the 30–60g·h−1 range (mean intake 33±12g·h−1) with suboptimal amounts of multiple transportable CHO consumed. Exercise intensity was low to moderate (mean 68%HRmax 45%VO2max) meaning that there would still be an absolute requirement for CHO to perform optimally in this ultra-event. Indeed, strong to moderate positive correlations were observed between distance covered and both CHO and energy intake in each of the three diet periods studied. Independent t-tests showed significantly different distances achieved by runners consuming ≥5 vs. <5g·kg−1 CHO in pre-race diet [98.5±18.7miles (158.5±30.1km) vs. 78.0±13.5miles (125.5±21.7km), p=0.04] and ≥40 vs. <40g·h−1 CHO in-race [92.2±13.9miles (148.4±22.4km) vs. 74.7±13.5miles (120.2±21.7km), p=0.02]. Pre-race CHO intake was positively associated with ultra-running experience, but no association was found between ultra-running experience and race distance. No association was observed between mean interstitial glucose and dietary intake, or with race distance. Further research should explore approaches to meeting pre-race dietary CHO intake as well as investigating strategies to boost in-race intake of multiple transportable CHO sources. In 24-h ultra-runners, studies examining the performance enhancing benefits of getting closer to meeting pre-race and in-race carbohydrate recommendations are required.Emma J. KinradeStuart D. R. GallowayFrontiers Media S.A.articlemultiple transportable carbohydratessportcontinuous glucose monitorsexercisenutritionPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	multiple transportable carbohydrates sport continuous glucose monitors exercise nutrition Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	multiple transportable carbohydrates sport continuous glucose monitors exercise nutrition Physiology QP1-981 Emma J. Kinrade Stuart D. R. Galloway Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event
description	Carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for events lasting longer than 3h indicate that athletes should ingest up to 90g.h.−1 of multiple transportable carbohydrates (MTC). We examined the dietary intake of amateur (males: n=11, females: n=7) ultra-endurance runners (mean age and mass 41.5±5.1years and 75.8±11.7kg) prior to, and during a 24-h ultra-endurance event. Heart rate and interstitial glucose concentration (indwelling sensor) were also tracked throughout the event. Pre-race diet (each 24 over 48h) was recorded via weighed intake and included the pre-race meal (1–4h pre-race). In-race diet (24h event) was recorded continuously, in-field, by the research team. Analysis revealed that runners did not meet the majority of CHO intake recommendations. CHO intake over 24–48h pre-race was lower than recommended (4.0±1.4g·kg−1; 42±9% of total energy), although pre-race meal CHO intake was within recommended levels (1.5±0.7g·kg−1). In-race CHO intake was only in the 30–60g·h−1 range (mean intake 33±12g·h−1) with suboptimal amounts of multiple transportable CHO consumed. Exercise intensity was low to moderate (mean 68%HRmax 45%VO2max) meaning that there would still be an absolute requirement for CHO to perform optimally in this ultra-event. Indeed, strong to moderate positive correlations were observed between distance covered and both CHO and energy intake in each of the three diet periods studied. Independent t-tests showed significantly different distances achieved by runners consuming ≥5 vs. <5g·kg−1 CHO in pre-race diet [98.5±18.7miles (158.5±30.1km) vs. 78.0±13.5miles (125.5±21.7km), p=0.04] and ≥40 vs. <40g·h−1 CHO in-race [92.2±13.9miles (148.4±22.4km) vs. 74.7±13.5miles (120.2±21.7km), p=0.02]. Pre-race CHO intake was positively associated with ultra-running experience, but no association was found between ultra-running experience and race distance. No association was observed between mean interstitial glucose and dietary intake, or with race distance. Further research should explore approaches to meeting pre-race dietary CHO intake as well as investigating strategies to boost in-race intake of multiple transportable CHO sources. In 24-h ultra-runners, studies examining the performance enhancing benefits of getting closer to meeting pre-race and in-race carbohydrate recommendations are required.
format	article
author	Emma J. Kinrade Stuart D. R. Galloway
author_facet	Emma J. Kinrade Stuart D. R. Galloway
author_sort	Emma J. Kinrade
title	Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event
title_short	Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event
title_full	Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event
title_fullStr	Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event
title_full_unstemmed	Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event
title_sort	dietary observations of ultra-endurance runners in preparation for and during a continuous 24-h event
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7a0faf28249c40de9042b0c8bd9848cf
work_keys_str_mv	AT emmajkinrade dietaryobservationsofultraendurancerunnersinpreparationforandduringacontinuous24hevent AT stuartdrgalloway dietaryobservationsofultraendurancerunnersinpreparationforandduringacontinuous24hevent
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Dietary Observations of Ultra-Endurance Runners in Preparation for and During a Continuous 24-h Event

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