Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>

ABSTRACT Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, can cause systemic infections with a mortality rate of ~40%. Infections arise from colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where C. albicans is part of the normal microflora. Reducing colonization in at-risk patients using an...

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Autores principales:	Kearney T. W. Gunsalus, Stephanie N. Tornberg-Belanger, Nirupa R. Matthan, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Carol A. Kumamoto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	microbiome commensal pathogenesis carbon metabolism Candida Candida albicans Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7a3a28dfc4074f4abe70b1ddc0c5e653
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7a3a28dfc4074f4abe70b1ddc0c5e6532021-11-15T15:21:37ZManipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>10.1128/mSphere.00020-152379-5042https://doaj.org/article/7a3a28dfc4074f4abe70b1ddc0c5e6532016-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00020-15https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, can cause systemic infections with a mortality rate of ~40%. Infections arise from colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where C. albicans is part of the normal microflora. Reducing colonization in at-risk patients using antifungal drugs prevents C. albicans-associated mortalities. C. albicans provides a clinically relevant system for studying the relationship between diet and the microbiota as it relates to commensalism and pathogenicity. As a first step toward a dietary intervention to reduce C. albicans GI colonization, we investigated the impact of dietary lipids on murine colonization by C. albicans. Coconut oil and its constituent fatty acids have antifungal activity in vitro; we hypothesized that dietary coconut oil would reduce GI colonization by C. albicans. Colonization was lower in mice fed a coconut oil-rich diet than in mice fed diets rich in beef tallow or soybean oil. Switching beef tallow-fed mice to a coconut oil diet reduced preexisting colonization. Coconut oil reduced colonization even when the diet also contained beef tallow. Dietary coconut oil also altered the metabolic program of colonizing C. albicans cells. Long-chain fatty acids were less abundant in the cecal contents of coconut oil-fed mice than in the cecal contents of beef tallow-fed mice; the expression of genes involved in fatty acid utilization was lower in C. albicans from coconut oil-fed mice than in C. albicans from beef tallow-fed mice. Extrapolating to humans, these findings suggest that coconut oil could become the first dietary intervention to reduce C. albicans GI colonization. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, can cause infections with a mortality rate of ~40%. C. albicans is part of the normal gut flora, but when a patient’s immune system is compromised, it can leave the gut and cause infections. By reducing the amount of C. albicans in the gut of susceptible patients, infections (and the resulting fatalities) can be prevented. Currently, this is done using antimicrobial drugs; to “preserve” drugs for treating infections, we looked for a dietary change to reduce the amount of C. albicans in the gut. Using a mouse model, we showed that adding coconut oil to the diet could become the first drug-free way to reduce C. albicans in the gut. More broadly, this model lets us study the interactions between our diet and the microbes in our body and the reasons why some of those microbes, under certain conditions, cause disease. Podcast: A podcast concerning this article is available.Kearney T. W. GunsalusStephanie N. Tornberg-BelangerNirupa R. MatthanAlice H. LichtensteinCarol A. KumamotoAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlemicrobiomecommensalpathogenesiscarbon metabolismCandidaCandida albicansMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 1, Iss 1 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microbiome commensal pathogenesis carbon metabolism Candida Candida albicans Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	microbiome commensal pathogenesis carbon metabolism Candida Candida albicans Microbiology QR1-502 Kearney T. W. Gunsalus Stephanie N. Tornberg-Belanger Nirupa R. Matthan Alice H. Lichtenstein Carol A. Kumamoto Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, can cause systemic infections with a mortality rate of ~40%. Infections arise from colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where C. albicans is part of the normal microflora. Reducing colonization in at-risk patients using antifungal drugs prevents C. albicans-associated mortalities. C. albicans provides a clinically relevant system for studying the relationship between diet and the microbiota as it relates to commensalism and pathogenicity. As a first step toward a dietary intervention to reduce C. albicans GI colonization, we investigated the impact of dietary lipids on murine colonization by C. albicans. Coconut oil and its constituent fatty acids have antifungal activity in vitro; we hypothesized that dietary coconut oil would reduce GI colonization by C. albicans. Colonization was lower in mice fed a coconut oil-rich diet than in mice fed diets rich in beef tallow or soybean oil. Switching beef tallow-fed mice to a coconut oil diet reduced preexisting colonization. Coconut oil reduced colonization even when the diet also contained beef tallow. Dietary coconut oil also altered the metabolic program of colonizing C. albicans cells. Long-chain fatty acids were less abundant in the cecal contents of coconut oil-fed mice than in the cecal contents of beef tallow-fed mice; the expression of genes involved in fatty acid utilization was lower in C. albicans from coconut oil-fed mice than in C. albicans from beef tallow-fed mice. Extrapolating to humans, these findings suggest that coconut oil could become the first dietary intervention to reduce C. albicans GI colonization. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, can cause infections with a mortality rate of ~40%. C. albicans is part of the normal gut flora, but when a patient’s immune system is compromised, it can leave the gut and cause infections. By reducing the amount of C. albicans in the gut of susceptible patients, infections (and the resulting fatalities) can be prevented. Currently, this is done using antimicrobial drugs; to “preserve” drugs for treating infections, we looked for a dietary change to reduce the amount of C. albicans in the gut. Using a mouse model, we showed that adding coconut oil to the diet could become the first drug-free way to reduce C. albicans in the gut. More broadly, this model lets us study the interactions between our diet and the microbes in our body and the reasons why some of those microbes, under certain conditions, cause disease. Podcast: A podcast concerning this article is available.
format	article
author	Kearney T. W. Gunsalus Stephanie N. Tornberg-Belanger Nirupa R. Matthan Alice H. Lichtenstein Carol A. Kumamoto
author_facet	Kearney T. W. Gunsalus Stephanie N. Tornberg-Belanger Nirupa R. Matthan Alice H. Lichtenstein Carol A. Kumamoto
author_sort	Kearney T. W. Gunsalus
title	Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_short	Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_full	Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_fullStr	Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_sort	manipulation of host diet to reduce gastrointestinal colonization by the opportunistic pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">candida albicans</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/7a3a28dfc4074f4abe70b1ddc0c5e653
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Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>

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