Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016
Urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations vary throughout the year due to various factors, e.g., meteorological conditions and human activities. In this study, seasonal variations in daily mortality associated with increases in the concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> (particulate ma...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:7a6ceed78aaa436ab20ef6a549e682b12021-11-25T16:45:21ZSeasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 201610.3390/atmos121114812073-4433https://doaj.org/article/7a6ceed78aaa436ab20ef6a549e682b12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1481https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations vary throughout the year due to various factors, e.g., meteorological conditions and human activities. In this study, seasonal variations in daily mortality associated with increases in the concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> (particulate matter), PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> (coarse particles), BC (black carbon), NO<sub>2</sub> (nitrogen dioxide), and O<sub>3</sub> (ozone) were calculated for Stockholm during the period from 2000 to 2016. The excess risks in daily mortality are presented in single and multi-pollutant models during the whole year and divided into four different seasons, i.e., winter (December–February), spring (March–May), summer (June–August), and autumn (September–November). The excess risks in the single-pollutant models associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase for a lag 02 during the whole year were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1–1.4) for PM<sub>10</sub>, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4–1.8) for PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>, 0.5% (95% CI: −0.5–1.5) for BC, −1.5% (95% CI: −0.5–−2.5) for NO<sub>2</sub>, and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0–2.9) for O<sub>3</sub>. When divided into different seasons, the excess risks for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> showed a clear pattern, with the strongest associations during spring and autumn, but with weaker associations during summer and winter, indicating increased risks associated with road dust particles during these seasons. For BC, which represents combustion-generated particles, the pattern was not very clear, but the strongest positive excess risks were found during autumn. The excess risks for NO<sub>2</sub> were negative during all seasons, and in several cases even statistically significantly negative, indicating that NO<sub>2</sub> in itself was not harmful at the concentrations prevailing during the measurement period (mean values < 20 µg m<sup>−3</sup>). For O<sub>3</sub>, the excess risks were statistically significantly positive during “all year” in both the single and the multi-pollutant models. The excess risks for O<sub>3</sub> in the single-pollutant models were also statistically significantly positive during all seasons.Henrik OlstrupChrister JohanssonBertil ForsbergChristofer ÅströmHans OrruMDPI AGarticlePM<sub>10</sub>PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>BCNO<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>excess health risksMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1481, p 1481 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
PM<sub>10</sub> PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> BC NO<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> excess health risks Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
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PM<sub>10</sub> PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> BC NO<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> excess health risks Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Henrik Olstrup Christer Johansson Bertil Forsberg Christofer Åström Hans Orru Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| description |
Urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations vary throughout the year due to various factors, e.g., meteorological conditions and human activities. In this study, seasonal variations in daily mortality associated with increases in the concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> (particulate matter), PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> (coarse particles), BC (black carbon), NO<sub>2</sub> (nitrogen dioxide), and O<sub>3</sub> (ozone) were calculated for Stockholm during the period from 2000 to 2016. The excess risks in daily mortality are presented in single and multi-pollutant models during the whole year and divided into four different seasons, i.e., winter (December–February), spring (March–May), summer (June–August), and autumn (September–November). The excess risks in the single-pollutant models associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase for a lag 02 during the whole year were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1–1.4) for PM<sub>10</sub>, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4–1.8) for PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>, 0.5% (95% CI: −0.5–1.5) for BC, −1.5% (95% CI: −0.5–−2.5) for NO<sub>2</sub>, and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0–2.9) for O<sub>3</sub>. When divided into different seasons, the excess risks for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> showed a clear pattern, with the strongest associations during spring and autumn, but with weaker associations during summer and winter, indicating increased risks associated with road dust particles during these seasons. For BC, which represents combustion-generated particles, the pattern was not very clear, but the strongest positive excess risks were found during autumn. The excess risks for NO<sub>2</sub> were negative during all seasons, and in several cases even statistically significantly negative, indicating that NO<sub>2</sub> in itself was not harmful at the concentrations prevailing during the measurement period (mean values < 20 µg m<sup>−3</sup>). For O<sub>3</sub>, the excess risks were statistically significantly positive during “all year” in both the single and the multi-pollutant models. The excess risks for O<sub>3</sub> in the single-pollutant models were also statistically significantly positive during all seasons. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Henrik Olstrup Christer Johansson Bertil Forsberg Christofer Åström Hans Orru |
| author_facet |
Henrik Olstrup Christer Johansson Bertil Forsberg Christofer Åström Hans Orru |
| author_sort |
Henrik Olstrup |
| title |
Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| title_short |
Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| title_full |
Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| title_fullStr |
Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal Variations in the Daily Mortality Associated with Exposure to Particles, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| title_sort |
seasonal variations in the daily mortality associated with exposure to particles, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone in stockholm, sweden, from 2000 to 2016 |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/7a6ceed78aaa436ab20ef6a549e682b1 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT henrikolstrup seasonalvariationsinthedailymortalityassociatedwithexposuretoparticlesnitrogendioxideandozoneinstockholmswedenfrom2000to2016 AT christerjohansson seasonalvariationsinthedailymortalityassociatedwithexposuretoparticlesnitrogendioxideandozoneinstockholmswedenfrom2000to2016 AT bertilforsberg seasonalvariationsinthedailymortalityassociatedwithexposuretoparticlesnitrogendioxideandozoneinstockholmswedenfrom2000to2016 AT christoferastrom seasonalvariationsinthedailymortalityassociatedwithexposuretoparticlesnitrogendioxideandozoneinstockholmswedenfrom2000to2016 AT hansorru seasonalvariationsinthedailymortalityassociatedwithexposuretoparticlesnitrogendioxideandozoneinstockholmswedenfrom2000to2016 |
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