Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer

Abstract Adult humans frequently engage in the reciprocal exchange of resources with other individuals. However, despite the important role that reciprocity plays in maintaining co-operative exchange we know relatively little of when, and how, reciprocity develops. We first asked whether pairs of yo...

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Autores principales:	Emily J. E. Messer, Vanessa Burgess, Michael Sinclair, Sarah Grant, Danielle Spencer, Nicola McGuigan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7a9559b4137041f5b7a38d28f0a3202e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7a9559b4137041f5b7a38d28f0a3202e2021-12-02T15:18:53ZYoung children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer10.1038/s41598-017-02858-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7a9559b4137041f5b7a38d28f0a3202e2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02858-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Adult humans frequently engage in the reciprocal exchange of resources with other individuals. However, despite the important role that reciprocity plays in maintaining co-operative exchange we know relatively little of when, and how, reciprocity develops. We first asked whether pairs of young children (M = 74 months) would engage in direct reciprocity in a ‘prosocial choice test’ where a donor could select either a higher, or a lower, value reward (1v 2) for a partner at no cost to themselves (1v 1). In a subsequent retest we asked, for the first time, whether young children increase their level of prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity from an initially selfish partner. In order to determine whether interacting with another child was fundamental to the development of reciprocity we included a novel yoked non-agent condition. The results suggest that the children were engaging in a calculated form of reciprocity where the prior behavior of their child partner influenced their subsequent level of donation days after the initial exchange. Crucially we show that the children were not influenced by the value of the rewards received per se, rather selection by a human agent was key to reciprocity.Emily J. E. MesserVanessa BurgessMichael SinclairSarah GrantDanielle SpencerNicola McGuiganNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emily J. E. Messer Vanessa Burgess Michael Sinclair Sarah Grant Danielle Spencer Nicola McGuigan Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
description	Abstract Adult humans frequently engage in the reciprocal exchange of resources with other individuals. However, despite the important role that reciprocity plays in maintaining co-operative exchange we know relatively little of when, and how, reciprocity develops. We first asked whether pairs of young children (M = 74 months) would engage in direct reciprocity in a ‘prosocial choice test’ where a donor could select either a higher, or a lower, value reward (1v 2) for a partner at no cost to themselves (1v 1). In a subsequent retest we asked, for the first time, whether young children increase their level of prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity from an initially selfish partner. In order to determine whether interacting with another child was fundamental to the development of reciprocity we included a novel yoked non-agent condition. The results suggest that the children were engaging in a calculated form of reciprocity where the prior behavior of their child partner influenced their subsequent level of donation days after the initial exchange. Crucially we show that the children were not influenced by the value of the rewards received per se, rather selection by a human agent was key to reciprocity.
format	article
author	Emily J. E. Messer Vanessa Burgess Michael Sinclair Sarah Grant Danielle Spencer Nicola McGuigan
author_facet	Emily J. E. Messer Vanessa Burgess Michael Sinclair Sarah Grant Danielle Spencer Nicola McGuigan
author_sort	Emily J. E. Messer
title	Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
title_short	Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
title_full	Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
title_fullStr	Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
title_full_unstemmed	Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
title_sort	young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/7a9559b4137041f5b7a38d28f0a3202e
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Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer

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