Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies

Francesco M Quaranta-Leoni,1,2 Maria Grazia Fiorino,1 Flavia Quaranta-Leoni,3 Matteo Di Marino1 1Orbital and Adnexal Service, Villa Tiberia Hospital – GVM Care & Research, Rome, 00137, Italy; 2Oftalmoplastica Roma, Rome, 00197, Italy; 3Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168, ItalyC...

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Autores principales:	Quaranta-Leoni FM, Fiorino MG, Quaranta-Leoni F, Di Marino M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	orbital implants socket surgery contracted socket phantom eye syndrome congenital anophthalmia Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7aa670202f8342438ef40e2e8282f339
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7aa670202f8342438ef40e2e8282f3392021-12-02T17:01:03ZAnophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/7aa670202f8342438ef40e2e8282f3392021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/anophthalmic-socket-syndrome-prevalence-impact-and-management-strategi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Francesco M Quaranta-Leoni,1,2 Maria Grazia Fiorino,1 Flavia Quaranta-Leoni,3 Matteo Di Marino1 1Orbital and Adnexal Service, Villa Tiberia Hospital – GVM Care & Research, Rome, 00137, Italy; 2Oftalmoplastica Roma, Rome, 00197, Italy; 3Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168, ItalyCorrespondence: Francesco M Quaranta-Leoni Email fquarantaleoni@gmail.comAbstract: Anophthalmic socket syndrome determines functional deficits and facial deformities, and may lead to poor psychological outcomes. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the features of the syndrome, based on literature review and authors’ clinical and surgical experience. An electronic database (PubMed,MEDLINE and Google Scholar) search of all articles written in English and non-English language with abstract translated to English on anophthalmic socket syndrome was performed. Data reviewed included demographics, presentations, investigations, management, complications and outcomes. Different types of orbital implants were evaluated; the management of implant exposure was examined; different orbital volume enhancement procedures such as secondary implantation, subperiosteal implants and the use of fillers in anophthalmic patients were described; the problems related to socket contraction were outlined; the treatment options for chronic anophthalmic socket pain and phantom eye syndrome were assessed; the most recent advances in the management of congenital anophthalmia were described. Current clinical evidence does not support a specific orbital implant; late exposure of porous implants may be due to pegging, which currently is seldom used; filler absorption in the orbit appears to be faster than in the dermis, and repeated treatments could be a potential source of inflammation; socket contraction results in significant functional and psychological disability, and management is challenging. Patients affected by anophthalmic socket pain and phantom eye syndrome need specific counseling. It is auspicable to use a standardized protocol to treat children affected by clinical congenital anophthalmia; dermis fat graft is a suitable option in these patients as it helps continued socket expansion. Dermis fat graft can also address the volume deficit in case of explantation of exposed implants and in contracted sockets in both children and adults. Appropriate clinical care is essential, as adequate prosthesis wearing improves the quality of life of anophthalmic patients.Keywords: orbital implants, socket surgery, contracted socket, phantom eye syndrome, congenital anophthalmiaQuaranta-Leoni FMFiorino MGQuaranta-Leoni FDi Marino MDove Medical Pressarticleorbital implantssocket surgerycontracted socketphantom eye syndromecongenital anophthalmiaOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 15, Pp 3267-3281 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	orbital implants socket surgery contracted socket phantom eye syndrome congenital anophthalmia Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	orbital implants socket surgery contracted socket phantom eye syndrome congenital anophthalmia Ophthalmology RE1-994 Quaranta-Leoni FM Fiorino MG Quaranta-Leoni F Di Marino M Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies
description	Francesco M Quaranta-Leoni,1,2 Maria Grazia Fiorino,1 Flavia Quaranta-Leoni,3 Matteo Di Marino1 1Orbital and Adnexal Service, Villa Tiberia Hospital – GVM Care & Research, Rome, 00137, Italy; 2Oftalmoplastica Roma, Rome, 00197, Italy; 3Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168, ItalyCorrespondence: Francesco M Quaranta-Leoni Email fquarantaleoni@gmail.comAbstract: Anophthalmic socket syndrome determines functional deficits and facial deformities, and may lead to poor psychological outcomes. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the features of the syndrome, based on literature review and authors’ clinical and surgical experience. An electronic database (PubMed,MEDLINE and Google Scholar) search of all articles written in English and non-English language with abstract translated to English on anophthalmic socket syndrome was performed. Data reviewed included demographics, presentations, investigations, management, complications and outcomes. Different types of orbital implants were evaluated; the management of implant exposure was examined; different orbital volume enhancement procedures such as secondary implantation, subperiosteal implants and the use of fillers in anophthalmic patients were described; the problems related to socket contraction were outlined; the treatment options for chronic anophthalmic socket pain and phantom eye syndrome were assessed; the most recent advances in the management of congenital anophthalmia were described. Current clinical evidence does not support a specific orbital implant; late exposure of porous implants may be due to pegging, which currently is seldom used; filler absorption in the orbit appears to be faster than in the dermis, and repeated treatments could be a potential source of inflammation; socket contraction results in significant functional and psychological disability, and management is challenging. Patients affected by anophthalmic socket pain and phantom eye syndrome need specific counseling. It is auspicable to use a standardized protocol to treat children affected by clinical congenital anophthalmia; dermis fat graft is a suitable option in these patients as it helps continued socket expansion. Dermis fat graft can also address the volume deficit in case of explantation of exposed implants and in contracted sockets in both children and adults. Appropriate clinical care is essential, as adequate prosthesis wearing improves the quality of life of anophthalmic patients.Keywords: orbital implants, socket surgery, contracted socket, phantom eye syndrome, congenital anophthalmia
format	article
author	Quaranta-Leoni FM Fiorino MG Quaranta-Leoni F Di Marino M
author_facet	Quaranta-Leoni FM Fiorino MG Quaranta-Leoni F Di Marino M
author_sort	Quaranta-Leoni FM
title	Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies
title_short	Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies
title_full	Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies
title_fullStr	Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies
title_sort	anophthalmic socket syndrome: prevalence, impact and management strategies
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7aa670202f8342438ef40e2e8282f339
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_version_	1718382217690873856

Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies

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