SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system

Coronavirus disease has emerged as one of the greatest threats to human well-being. Currently, the whole world is fighting against this pandemic that is transmitted either through exposure to virus laden respiratory or water droplets or by touching the virus contaminated surfaces. The viral load in...

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Autores principales:	Deepak Panchal, Purusottam Tripathy, Om Prakash, Abhishek Sharma, Sukdeb Pal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	open defecation sars-cov-2 sewage surveillance wastewater-based epidemiology Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7ac1071e28d44218b82b35348964fb0f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7ac1071e28d44218b82b35348964fb0f2021-11-06T11:11:30ZSARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.146https://doaj.org/article/7ac1071e28d44218b82b35348964fb0f2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/1/1https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732Coronavirus disease has emerged as one of the greatest threats to human well-being. Currently, the whole world is fighting against this pandemic that is transmitted either through exposure to virus laden respiratory or water droplets or by touching the virus contaminated surfaces. The viral load in feces of an infected patient varies according to the severity of the disease. Subsequent detection of viral genome (SARS-CoV-2) in human feces and sewage systems is an emerging concern for public health. This also dictates to reinforce the existing sewage/wastewater treatment facilities. Rapid monitoring is the key to prevent and control the current mass transmission. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a potential epidemiology tool that can act as a complementary approach for current infectious disease surveillance systems and an early warning system for disease outbreaks. In a developing country like India, inadequate wastewater treatment systems, low-operational facility and relaxed surface water quality criteria even in terms of fecal coliform bacteria are the major challenges for WBE. Herein, we review the occurrence, transmission, and survival of SARS-CoV-2, and disinfection and potential of sewage surveillance as an early warning system for COVID-19 spread. We also discuss the challenges of open-defecation practices affecting sewage-surveillance in real-time in densely populated developing countries like India. HIGHLIGHTS Fate of SARS-CoV-2 in water environment is discussed.; Trend and reinfection in community can also be revealed by sewage-based epidemiology.; Sewage surveillance can serve as an early warning system.; Robust sampling strategies with subsequent rapid detection methods are crucial.; Open-defecation activities make the available WWTPs less representative and hamper the real-time sewage monitoring.;Deepak PanchalPurusottam TripathyOm PrakashAbhishek SharmaSukdeb PalIWA Publishingarticleopen defecationsars-cov-2sewage surveillancewastewater-based epidemiologyEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	open defecation sars-cov-2 sewage surveillance wastewater-based epidemiology Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	open defecation sars-cov-2 sewage surveillance wastewater-based epidemiology Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Deepak Panchal Purusottam Tripathy Om Prakash Abhishek Sharma Sukdeb Pal SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
description	Coronavirus disease has emerged as one of the greatest threats to human well-being. Currently, the whole world is fighting against this pandemic that is transmitted either through exposure to virus laden respiratory or water droplets or by touching the virus contaminated surfaces. The viral load in feces of an infected patient varies according to the severity of the disease. Subsequent detection of viral genome (SARS-CoV-2) in human feces and sewage systems is an emerging concern for public health. This also dictates to reinforce the existing sewage/wastewater treatment facilities. Rapid monitoring is the key to prevent and control the current mass transmission. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a potential epidemiology tool that can act as a complementary approach for current infectious disease surveillance systems and an early warning system for disease outbreaks. In a developing country like India, inadequate wastewater treatment systems, low-operational facility and relaxed surface water quality criteria even in terms of fecal coliform bacteria are the major challenges for WBE. Herein, we review the occurrence, transmission, and survival of SARS-CoV-2, and disinfection and potential of sewage surveillance as an early warning system for COVID-19 spread. We also discuss the challenges of open-defecation practices affecting sewage-surveillance in real-time in densely populated developing countries like India. HIGHLIGHTS Fate of SARS-CoV-2 in water environment is discussed.; Trend and reinfection in community can also be revealed by sewage-based epidemiology.; Sewage surveillance can serve as an early warning system.; Robust sampling strategies with subsequent rapid detection methods are crucial.; Open-defecation activities make the available WWTPs less representative and hamper the real-time sewage monitoring.;
format	article
author	Deepak Panchal Purusottam Tripathy Om Prakash Abhishek Sharma Sukdeb Pal
author_facet	Deepak Panchal Purusottam Tripathy Om Prakash Abhishek Sharma Sukdeb Pal
author_sort	Deepak Panchal
title	SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
title_short	SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
title_full	SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
title_fullStr	SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
title_full_unstemmed	SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
title_sort	sars-cov-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7ac1071e28d44218b82b35348964fb0f
work_keys_str_mv	AT deepakpanchal sarscov2fateinwaterenvironmentsandsewagesurveillanceasanearlywarningsystem AT purusottamtripathy sarscov2fateinwaterenvironmentsandsewagesurveillanceasanearlywarningsystem AT omprakash sarscov2fateinwaterenvironmentsandsewagesurveillanceasanearlywarningsystem AT abhisheksharma sarscov2fateinwaterenvironmentsandsewagesurveillanceasanearlywarningsystem AT sukdebpal sarscov2fateinwaterenvironmentsandsewagesurveillanceasanearlywarningsystem
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SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system

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