Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress

Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and...

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Autores principales:	Canhong Gao, Mohamed S. Sheteiwy, Chen Lin, Yajing Guan, Zaid Ulhassan, Jin Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polyamines maize chilling stress spermidine gene expression Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7aff7a6ed06a45e898edcbfb9eebf272
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7aff7a6ed06a45e898edcbfb9eebf2722021-11-25T18:46:27ZSpermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress10.3390/plants101124212223-7747https://doaj.org/article/7aff7a6ed06a45e898edcbfb9eebf2722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2421https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl–bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (<i>ODC</i> and <i>SAMDC2</i>). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (<i>PAO1</i>, <i>PAO2</i> and <i>PAO3</i>) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs’ degradative-related enzymes in Huang C.Canhong GaoMohamed S. SheteiwyChen LinYajing GuanZaid UlhassanJin HuMDPI AGarticlepolyaminesmaizechilling stressspermidinegene expressionBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2421, p 2421 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polyamines maize chilling stress spermidine gene expression Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	polyamines maize chilling stress spermidine gene expression Botany QK1-989 Canhong Gao Mohamed S. Sheteiwy Chen Lin Yajing Guan Zaid Ulhassan Jin Hu Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
description	Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl–bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (<i>ODC</i> and <i>SAMDC2</i>). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (<i>PAO1</i>, <i>PAO2</i> and <i>PAO3</i>) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs’ degradative-related enzymes in Huang C.
format	article
author	Canhong Gao Mohamed S. Sheteiwy Chen Lin Yajing Guan Zaid Ulhassan Jin Hu
author_facet	Canhong Gao Mohamed S. Sheteiwy Chen Lin Yajing Guan Zaid Ulhassan Jin Hu
author_sort	Canhong Gao
title	Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
title_short	Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
title_full	Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
title_fullStr	Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
title_sort	spermidine suppressed the inhibitory effects of polyamines inhibitors combination in maize (<i>zea mays</i> l.) seedlings under chilling stress
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7aff7a6ed06a45e898edcbfb9eebf272
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Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress

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