<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on the metal uptake from paper sludge by <i>Hemarthria compressa</i> L. Paper sludge (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments of two fungal species (F0 = Control, F...

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Autores principales:	Sheza Ayaz Khilji, Muhammad Aqeel, Muhammad Faisal Maqsood, Noreen Khalid, Aasma Tufail, Zahoor Ahmad Sajid, Ameena A. Al-Surhanee, Mohamed Hashem, Saad Alamri, Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi, Ali Noman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Aspergillus niger</i> microbes heavy metals paper sludge phytoremediation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7b124602b1b84427bb2051e483a3ca1c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7b124602b1b84427bb2051e483a3ca1c2021-11-11T19:49:45Z<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge10.3390/su1321122662071-1050https://doaj.org/article/7b124602b1b84427bb2051e483a3ca1c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12266https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on the metal uptake from paper sludge by <i>Hemarthria compressa</i> L. Paper sludge (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments of two fungal species (F0 = Control, F1 = <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, F2 = <i>Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i>, F3 = <i>A. niger</i> + <i>T. pseudokoningii</i>). Paper sludge as rooting medium steadily influenced growth and physio-biochemical attributes of <i>H. compressa</i> in F0. Results revealed discrete variations in growth attributes with different PS concentrations and each fungal treatment. The maximum damages in ionic homeostasis (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>) due to PS toxicity were evident in parallel with declined chlorophyll concentration. The highest growth, total chlorophyll and biomass of the plants were observed when PS was treated with combined fungal strains (F3). Translocation factor decreased with F3 that is indicative of changes in Cd, Pb, and Cu movement to shoot from root. The plants with combined fungal treatment also showed greater catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Ions, such as Ca, Mg, and Na, also increased gradually with combined fungal treatment. The correlation matrix displayed a close association among diverse fungal and PS levels with multiple plant attributes. PCA-Biplot confirmed the outcome of correlational analyses among different characters of <i>H. compressa</i>. The combined fungal mediate the extraction of heavy metals from the paper sludge by <i>H. compressa</i> recommends the high accumulation of heavy metal (HM) and possible reutilization of metal free sludge as a fertilizer, for application in cultivated fields. Furthermore, the effects of fungal species on HM attenuation in PS are linear and can be used in different habitats. Advancement in such research work will also be helpful in understanding the mechanisms and enhancing the ability of other native microbes to remediate metals.Sheza Ayaz KhiljiMuhammad AqeelMuhammad Faisal MaqsoodNoreen KhalidAasma TufailZahoor Ahmad SajidAmeena A. Al-SurhaneeMohamed HashemSaad AlamriKhalid Awadh Al-MutairiAli NomanMDPI AGarticle<i>Aspergillus niger</i>microbesheavy metalspaper sludgephytoremediationEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12266, p 12266 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Aspergillus niger</i> microbes heavy metals paper sludge phytoremediation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	<i>Aspergillus niger</i> microbes heavy metals paper sludge phytoremediation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Sheza Ayaz Khilji Muhammad Aqeel Muhammad Faisal Maqsood Noreen Khalid Aasma Tufail Zahoor Ahmad Sajid Ameena A. Al-Surhanee Mohamed Hashem Saad Alamri Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi Ali Noman <i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
description	The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on the metal uptake from paper sludge by <i>Hemarthria compressa</i> L. Paper sludge (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments of two fungal species (F0 = Control, F1 = <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, F2 = <i>Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i>, F3 = <i>A. niger</i> + <i>T. pseudokoningii</i>). Paper sludge as rooting medium steadily influenced growth and physio-biochemical attributes of <i>H. compressa</i> in F0. Results revealed discrete variations in growth attributes with different PS concentrations and each fungal treatment. The maximum damages in ionic homeostasis (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>) due to PS toxicity were evident in parallel with declined chlorophyll concentration. The highest growth, total chlorophyll and biomass of the plants were observed when PS was treated with combined fungal strains (F3). Translocation factor decreased with F3 that is indicative of changes in Cd, Pb, and Cu movement to shoot from root. The plants with combined fungal treatment also showed greater catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Ions, such as Ca, Mg, and Na, also increased gradually with combined fungal treatment. The correlation matrix displayed a close association among diverse fungal and PS levels with multiple plant attributes. PCA-Biplot confirmed the outcome of correlational analyses among different characters of <i>H. compressa</i>. The combined fungal mediate the extraction of heavy metals from the paper sludge by <i>H. compressa</i> recommends the high accumulation of heavy metal (HM) and possible reutilization of metal free sludge as a fertilizer, for application in cultivated fields. Furthermore, the effects of fungal species on HM attenuation in PS are linear and can be used in different habitats. Advancement in such research work will also be helpful in understanding the mechanisms and enhancing the ability of other native microbes to remediate metals.
format	article
author	Sheza Ayaz Khilji Muhammad Aqeel Muhammad Faisal Maqsood Noreen Khalid Aasma Tufail Zahoor Ahmad Sajid Ameena A. Al-Surhanee Mohamed Hashem Saad Alamri Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi Ali Noman
author_facet	Sheza Ayaz Khilji Muhammad Aqeel Muhammad Faisal Maqsood Noreen Khalid Aasma Tufail Zahoor Ahmad Sajid Ameena A. Al-Surhanee Mohamed Hashem Saad Alamri Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi Ali Noman
author_sort	Sheza Ayaz Khilji
title	<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
title_short	<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
title_full	<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
title_fullStr	<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
title_sort	<i>hemarthria compressa—aspergillus niger—trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> mediated trilateral perspective for bioremediation and detoxification of industrial paper sludge
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7b124602b1b84427bb2051e483a3ca1c
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<i>Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii</i> Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge

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