Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway

Sex differences in whole-body fat storage exist in many species. For example, Drosophila females store more fat than males. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this sex difference in fat storage remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a key role for sex determination gene transformer (tra) in r...

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Autores principales:	Lianna W Wat, Zahid S Chowdhury, Jason W Millington, Puja Biswas, Elizabeth J Rideout
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2021
Materias:	sexual dimorphism metabolism lipids neurons sex determination physiology Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7bc2ec54bb52409b98ea317a2bbff5e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7bc2ec54bb52409b98ea317a2bbff5e52021-11-16T10:58:28ZSex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway10.7554/eLife.723502050-084Xe72350https://doaj.org/article/7bc2ec54bb52409b98ea317a2bbff5e52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://elifesciences.org/articles/72350https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084XSex differences in whole-body fat storage exist in many species. For example, Drosophila females store more fat than males. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this sex difference in fat storage remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a key role for sex determination gene transformer (tra) in regulating the male-female difference in fat storage. Normally, a functional Tra protein is present only in females, where it promotes female sexual development. We show that loss of Tra in females reduced whole-body fat storage, whereas gain of Tra in males augmented fat storage. Tra’s role in promoting fat storage was largely due to its function in neurons, specifically the Adipokinetic hormone (Akh)-producing cells (APCs). Our analysis of Akh pathway regulation revealed a male bias in APC activity and Akh pathway function, where this sex-biased regulation influenced the sex difference in fat storage by limiting triglyceride accumulation in males. Importantly, Tra loss in females increased Akh pathway activity, and genetically manipulating the Akh pathway rescued Tra-dependent effects on fat storage. This identifies sex-specific regulation of Akh as one mechanism underlying the male-female difference in whole-body triglyceride levels, and provides important insight into the conserved mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in whole-body fat storage.Lianna W WatZahid S ChowdhuryJason W MillingtonPuja BiswasElizabeth J RideouteLife Sciences Publications Ltdarticlesexual dimorphismmetabolismlipidsneuronssex determinationphysiologyMedicineRScienceQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENeLife, Vol 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sexual dimorphism metabolism lipids neurons sex determination physiology Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	sexual dimorphism metabolism lipids neurons sex determination physiology Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Lianna W Wat Zahid S Chowdhury Jason W Millington Puja Biswas Elizabeth J Rideout Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
description	Sex differences in whole-body fat storage exist in many species. For example, Drosophila females store more fat than males. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this sex difference in fat storage remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a key role for sex determination gene transformer (tra) in regulating the male-female difference in fat storage. Normally, a functional Tra protein is present only in females, where it promotes female sexual development. We show that loss of Tra in females reduced whole-body fat storage, whereas gain of Tra in males augmented fat storage. Tra’s role in promoting fat storage was largely due to its function in neurons, specifically the Adipokinetic hormone (Akh)-producing cells (APCs). Our analysis of Akh pathway regulation revealed a male bias in APC activity and Akh pathway function, where this sex-biased regulation influenced the sex difference in fat storage by limiting triglyceride accumulation in males. Importantly, Tra loss in females increased Akh pathway activity, and genetically manipulating the Akh pathway rescued Tra-dependent effects on fat storage. This identifies sex-specific regulation of Akh as one mechanism underlying the male-female difference in whole-body triglyceride levels, and provides important insight into the conserved mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in whole-body fat storage.
format	article
author	Lianna W Wat Zahid S Chowdhury Jason W Millington Puja Biswas Elizabeth J Rideout
author_facet	Lianna W Wat Zahid S Chowdhury Jason W Millington Puja Biswas Elizabeth J Rideout
author_sort	Lianna W Wat
title	Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
title_short	Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
title_full	Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
title_fullStr	Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
title_full_unstemmed	Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
title_sort	sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway
publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7bc2ec54bb52409b98ea317a2bbff5e5
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Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway

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