Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure

The correct estimation of earth pressure is important for the design of earth retaining structures and depends, among others, on the surface morphology of retaining structures. The diaphragm wall created as a protection of a deep excavation located in an urbanized area was selected as a research obj...

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Autores principales:	Marek Wyjadłowski, Zbigniew Muszyński, Paulina Kujawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	geodetic measurements terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surface topography measurement earth pressure 3D roughness parameters diaphragm wall Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7bc4b4ecef944fbf932d32f449cc4d41
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:7bc4b4ecef944fbf932d32f449cc4d41
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7bc4b4ecef944fbf932d32f449cc4d412021-11-11T19:14:22ZApplication of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure10.3390/s212172751424-8220https://doaj.org/article/7bc4b4ecef944fbf932d32f449cc4d412021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7275https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220The correct estimation of earth pressure is important for the design of earth retaining structures and depends, among others, on the surface morphology of retaining structures. The diaphragm wall created as a protection of a deep excavation located in an urbanized area was selected as a research object. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) was used for the investigation of the unique surface (in real-world dimension) obtained by tremieying the concrete in different soil layers. An original and innovative procedure for concrete surface description was developed, which includes steps from the TLS measurement to the determination of the roughness parameters. The tested samples from anthropogenic soil, medium sand, and sandy gravel, map the real diaphragm wall surface. The surface roughness parameters in different soil layers were compared with the reference surface obtained by cast against steel formwork. The following parameters: <i>Sa</i>, <i>Sdr</i>, and <i>Vmc</i> are indicated as being the most useful in numerical description of the concrete surface type and in allowing the determination of the soil surface friction. The novelty of this study is the estimation of the parameter <i>δ</i> (friction angle between the retaining wall surface and the soil), which is, among others, a function of the wall surface roughness. The influence of the type of surface on earth pressure are generally recognized in laboratory tests. Based on the estimated in situ values of <i>δ</i>, the more reliable active and passive pressure coefficients <i>K<sub>a</sub>, K<sub>p</sub></i> were calculated for the tested soil layers. The conducted study has a practical significance for designing of retaining construction and makes progress in determination of surface roughness required in Eurocode 7.Marek WyjadłowskiZbigniew MuszyńskiPaulina KujawaMDPI AGarticlegeodetic measurementsterrestrial laser scanning (TLS)surface topography measurementearth pressure3D roughness parametersdiaphragm wallChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7275, p 7275 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	geodetic measurements terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surface topography measurement earth pressure 3D roughness parameters diaphragm wall Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	geodetic measurements terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surface topography measurement earth pressure 3D roughness parameters diaphragm wall Chemical technology TP1-1185 Marek Wyjadłowski Zbigniew Muszyński Paulina Kujawa Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure
description	The correct estimation of earth pressure is important for the design of earth retaining structures and depends, among others, on the surface morphology of retaining structures. The diaphragm wall created as a protection of a deep excavation located in an urbanized area was selected as a research object. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) was used for the investigation of the unique surface (in real-world dimension) obtained by tremieying the concrete in different soil layers. An original and innovative procedure for concrete surface description was developed, which includes steps from the TLS measurement to the determination of the roughness parameters. The tested samples from anthropogenic soil, medium sand, and sandy gravel, map the real diaphragm wall surface. The surface roughness parameters in different soil layers were compared with the reference surface obtained by cast against steel formwork. The following parameters: <i>Sa</i>, <i>Sdr</i>, and <i>Vmc</i> are indicated as being the most useful in numerical description of the concrete surface type and in allowing the determination of the soil surface friction. The novelty of this study is the estimation of the parameter <i>δ</i> (friction angle between the retaining wall surface and the soil), which is, among others, a function of the wall surface roughness. The influence of the type of surface on earth pressure are generally recognized in laboratory tests. Based on the estimated in situ values of <i>δ</i>, the more reliable active and passive pressure coefficients <i>K<sub>a</sub>, K<sub>p</sub></i> were calculated for the tested soil layers. The conducted study has a practical significance for designing of retaining construction and makes progress in determination of surface roughness required in Eurocode 7.
format	article
author	Marek Wyjadłowski Zbigniew Muszyński Paulina Kujawa
author_facet	Marek Wyjadłowski Zbigniew Muszyński Paulina Kujawa
author_sort	Marek Wyjadłowski
title	Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure
title_short	Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure
title_full	Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure
title_fullStr	Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure
title_full_unstemmed	Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure
title_sort	application of laser scanning to assess the roughness of the diaphragm wall for the estimation of earth pressure
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7bc4b4ecef944fbf932d32f449cc4d41
work_keys_str_mv	AT marekwyjadłowski applicationoflaserscanningtoassesstheroughnessofthediaphragmwallfortheestimationofearthpressure AT zbigniewmuszynski applicationoflaserscanningtoassesstheroughnessofthediaphragmwallfortheestimationofearthpressure AT paulinakujawa applicationoflaserscanningtoassesstheroughnessofthediaphragmwallfortheestimationofearthpressure
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Application of Laser Scanning to Assess the Roughness of the Diaphragm Wall for the Estimation of Earth Pressure

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