Water Erosion in the Moulouya Watershed and its Impact on Dams' Siltation (Eastern Morocco)
<p>The Moulouya watershed presents high risks of water erosion. The dams built on this river lose each year, by siltation, a volume of water of about 10 M m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> (Lahlou, 1994). This worrying rate shows that water ero...
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| Format: | article |
| Langue: | EN |
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Copernicus Publications
2021
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| Accès en ligne: | https://doaj.org/article/7be2dfc355a445829b31a10bb0bc09a4 |
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| Résumé: | <p>The Moulouya watershed presents high risks of water
erosion. The dams built on this river lose each year, by siltation, a volume
of water of about 10 M m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> (Lahlou, 1994). This worrying rate shows that water erosion can
hinder the socio-economic development of the basin if soil protection and
siltation measures are not taken. This study defines the areas most
threatened by water erosion to protect them as a priority. Using a GIS and
the Universal Earth Loss Equation (USLE), we mapped soil losses. The adopted
model determines soil loss from erosivity of rainfall, soil erodibility,
inclination and slope length, soil cover, and erosion control practices. The
possible origins of the deposits alluviating the dams are related to the
products of alteration of the Secondary's carbonate formations and the
Tertiary and Quaternary formations. The modalities of the transport of
deposits of banks of the network of Moulouya are mainly by a suspension. The
specific degradation in the Moulouya watershed is estimated at
214 t/km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span>/year. Precipitation intensity, steep slopes and deforestation are
responsible for these losses.</p> |
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