The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.

<h4>Background</h4>Exploration of the cognitive systems underlying human friendship will be advanced by identifying the evolved functions these systems perform. Here we propose that human friendship is caused, in part, by cognitive mechanisms designed to assemble support groups for poten...

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Autores principales:	Peter DeScioli, Robert Kurzban
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7beade0dcd47401eaadc4c027bc6591f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7beade0dcd47401eaadc4c027bc6591f2021-11-25T06:22:19ZThe alliance hypothesis for human friendship.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0005802https://doaj.org/article/7beade0dcd47401eaadc4c027bc6591f2009-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19492066/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Exploration of the cognitive systems underlying human friendship will be advanced by identifying the evolved functions these systems perform. Here we propose that human friendship is caused, in part, by cognitive mechanisms designed to assemble support groups for potential conflicts. We use game theory to identify computations about friends that can increase performance in multi-agent conflicts. This analysis suggests that people would benefit from: 1) ranking friends, 2) hiding friend-ranking, and 3) ranking friends according to their own position in partners' rankings. These possible tactics motivate the hypotheses that people possess egocentric and allocentric representations of the social world, that people are motivated to conceal this information, and that egocentric friend-ranking is determined by allocentric representations of partners' friend-rankings (more than others' traits).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We report results from three studies that confirm predictions derived from the alliance hypothesis. Our main empirical finding, replicated in three studies, was that people's rankings of their ten closest friends were predicted by their own perceived rank among their partners' other friends. This relationship remained strong after controlling for a variety of factors such as perceived similarity, familiarity, and benefits.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our results suggest that the alliance hypothesis merits further attention as a candidate explanation for human friendship.Peter DeScioliRobert KurzbanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 6, p e5802 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Peter DeScioli Robert Kurzban The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Exploration of the cognitive systems underlying human friendship will be advanced by identifying the evolved functions these systems perform. Here we propose that human friendship is caused, in part, by cognitive mechanisms designed to assemble support groups for potential conflicts. We use game theory to identify computations about friends that can increase performance in multi-agent conflicts. This analysis suggests that people would benefit from: 1) ranking friends, 2) hiding friend-ranking, and 3) ranking friends according to their own position in partners' rankings. These possible tactics motivate the hypotheses that people possess egocentric and allocentric representations of the social world, that people are motivated to conceal this information, and that egocentric friend-ranking is determined by allocentric representations of partners' friend-rankings (more than others' traits).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We report results from three studies that confirm predictions derived from the alliance hypothesis. Our main empirical finding, replicated in three studies, was that people's rankings of their ten closest friends were predicted by their own perceived rank among their partners' other friends. This relationship remained strong after controlling for a variety of factors such as perceived similarity, familiarity, and benefits.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our results suggest that the alliance hypothesis merits further attention as a candidate explanation for human friendship.
format	article
author	Peter DeScioli Robert Kurzban
author_facet	Peter DeScioli Robert Kurzban
author_sort	Peter DeScioli
title	The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
title_short	The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
title_full	The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
title_fullStr	The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
title_full_unstemmed	The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
title_sort	alliance hypothesis for human friendship.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/7beade0dcd47401eaadc4c027bc6591f
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The alliance hypothesis for human friendship.

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