Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.

Non-native plant invasions, changes in fire regime, and increasing drought stress all pose important threats to biodiverse mediterranean-climate shrublands. These factors can also interact, with fire and drought potentially creating opportunities for non-native species to establish dominance before...

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Autores principales:	Diane M Thomson, Wallace M Meyer, Isobel F Whitcomb
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7c1266783cd045e78a2e7187df9aea81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7c1266783cd045e78a2e7187df9aea812021-12-02T20:06:37ZNon-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254398https://doaj.org/article/7c1266783cd045e78a2e7187df9aea812021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254398https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Non-native plant invasions, changes in fire regime, and increasing drought stress all pose important threats to biodiverse mediterranean-climate shrublands. These factors can also interact, with fire and drought potentially creating opportunities for non-native species to establish dominance before native shrubs recover. We carried out post-fire demographic monitoring of the common native shrub Artemisia californica in a southern California sage scrub fragment for 7 years, including several with very low rainfall. Experimental removals of non-native plants were included for the first 4 years. We quantified A. californica post-fire crown resprouting and seedling emergence, and tested effects of precipitation, non-native plants, and their interactions on seedling and adult survival. Only 7 A. californica were confirmed as resprouts; almost all individuals established after the fire from seedlings, with 90% of emergence occurring in the second growing year after fire (spring 2015). Higher spring precipitation increased both adult and seedling survival. Non-native grasses and forbs rapidly recolonized control plots, but the removal treatment reduced non-native cover by nearly 60%. For seedlings, non-native removal reduced the probability of dropping leaves by start of summer drought and increased survival both directly and through positive interactions with rainfall. Non-native removal also reduced mortality in smaller adult plants. By 2020, mean A. californica canopy area was nearly four times greater in non-native removal plots. These findings reinforce the high vulnerability of sage scrub habitat to post-fire loss of shrub cover and potential type conversion, particularly with increasing drought frequency and in stands and species with limited crown resprouting. Yet they also illustrate the potential for targeted management of non-natives immediately after fire to promote recovery of native shrubs in this increasingly endangered community.Diane M ThomsonWallace M MeyerIsobel F WhitcombPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254398 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Diane M Thomson Wallace M Meyer Isobel F Whitcomb Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.
description	Non-native plant invasions, changes in fire regime, and increasing drought stress all pose important threats to biodiverse mediterranean-climate shrublands. These factors can also interact, with fire and drought potentially creating opportunities for non-native species to establish dominance before native shrubs recover. We carried out post-fire demographic monitoring of the common native shrub Artemisia californica in a southern California sage scrub fragment for 7 years, including several with very low rainfall. Experimental removals of non-native plants were included for the first 4 years. We quantified A. californica post-fire crown resprouting and seedling emergence, and tested effects of precipitation, non-native plants, and their interactions on seedling and adult survival. Only 7 A. californica were confirmed as resprouts; almost all individuals established after the fire from seedlings, with 90% of emergence occurring in the second growing year after fire (spring 2015). Higher spring precipitation increased both adult and seedling survival. Non-native grasses and forbs rapidly recolonized control plots, but the removal treatment reduced non-native cover by nearly 60%. For seedlings, non-native removal reduced the probability of dropping leaves by start of summer drought and increased survival both directly and through positive interactions with rainfall. Non-native removal also reduced mortality in smaller adult plants. By 2020, mean A. californica canopy area was nearly four times greater in non-native removal plots. These findings reinforce the high vulnerability of sage scrub habitat to post-fire loss of shrub cover and potential type conversion, particularly with increasing drought frequency and in stands and species with limited crown resprouting. Yet they also illustrate the potential for targeted management of non-natives immediately after fire to promote recovery of native shrubs in this increasingly endangered community.
format	article
author	Diane M Thomson Wallace M Meyer Isobel F Whitcomb
author_facet	Diane M Thomson Wallace M Meyer Isobel F Whitcomb
author_sort	Diane M Thomson
title	Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.
title_short	Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.
title_full	Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.
title_fullStr	Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.
title_full_unstemmed	Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.
title_sort	non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of artemisia californica in southern california sage scrub.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7c1266783cd045e78a2e7187df9aea81
work_keys_str_mv	AT dianemthomson nonnativeplantremovalandhighrainfallyearspromotepostfirerecoveryofartemisiacalifornicainsoutherncaliforniasagescrub AT wallacemmeyer nonnativeplantremovalandhighrainfallyearspromotepostfirerecoveryofartemisiacalifornicainsoutherncaliforniasagescrub AT isobelfwhitcomb nonnativeplantremovalandhighrainfallyearspromotepostfirerecoveryofartemisiacalifornicainsoutherncaliforniasagescrub
_version_	1718375367377420288

Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub.

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