Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China

Virtual water trade is widely considered as a potential method to solve local water shortage and unequal distribution. However, limited research investigated water-saving efficiency and water inequality of inter-provincial virtual water trade. In this study, we sought to explore this issue within Ch...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Yueyan Xu, Qingsong Tian, Yan Yu, Ming Li, Chongguang Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	virtual water trade input-output model water inequality water-saving efficiency Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7c33e529e0614c8a8119b442a28ff6d8
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:7c33e529e0614c8a8119b442a28ff6d8
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7c33e529e0614c8a8119b442a28ff6d82021-11-11T19:53:54ZWater-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China10.3390/w132129942073-4441https://doaj.org/article/7c33e529e0614c8a8119b442a28ff6d82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2994https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Virtual water trade is widely considered as a potential method to solve local water shortage and unequal distribution. However, limited research investigated water-saving efficiency and water inequality of inter-provincial virtual water trade. In this study, we sought to explore this issue within China based on the 2015 input-output data. A multi-regional input-output model and a modified input-output model were used to estimate the virtual water trade and its impact on water-saving and water inequality. Our results suggest that: (1) The total virtual water flow across the country is 200.03 × 10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, which accounts for 32.77% of water withdrawal. The agriculture sector contributes the highest proportion (73.99%) to virtual water flow. (2) Virtual water trade could decrease water withdrawal by 446.08 × 10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> compared with withdrawal under no-trade situation at a national level, and 22 provinces could gain benefits through inter-provincial trade with a positive water-saving efficiency index. (3) Virtual water trade also causes water inequality, which exacerbates water scarcity of exported provinces, especially in northwest provinces. (4) There is a conflict between water conservation and water inequality, but different provinces show significant heterogeneity.Yueyan XuQingsong TianYan YuMing LiChongguang LiMDPI AGarticlevirtual watertradeinput-output modelwater inequalitywater-saving efficiencyHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 2994, p 2994 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	virtual water trade input-output model water inequality water-saving efficiency Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	virtual water trade input-output model water inequality water-saving efficiency Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Yueyan Xu Qingsong Tian Yan Yu Ming Li Chongguang Li Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China
description	Virtual water trade is widely considered as a potential method to solve local water shortage and unequal distribution. However, limited research investigated water-saving efficiency and water inequality of inter-provincial virtual water trade. In this study, we sought to explore this issue within China based on the 2015 input-output data. A multi-regional input-output model and a modified input-output model were used to estimate the virtual water trade and its impact on water-saving and water inequality. Our results suggest that: (1) The total virtual water flow across the country is 200.03 × 10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, which accounts for 32.77% of water withdrawal. The agriculture sector contributes the highest proportion (73.99%) to virtual water flow. (2) Virtual water trade could decrease water withdrawal by 446.08 × 10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> compared with withdrawal under no-trade situation at a national level, and 22 provinces could gain benefits through inter-provincial trade with a positive water-saving efficiency index. (3) Virtual water trade also causes water inequality, which exacerbates water scarcity of exported provinces, especially in northwest provinces. (4) There is a conflict between water conservation and water inequality, but different provinces show significant heterogeneity.
format	article
author	Yueyan Xu Qingsong Tian Yan Yu Ming Li Chongguang Li
author_facet	Yueyan Xu Qingsong Tian Yan Yu Ming Li Chongguang Li
author_sort	Yueyan Xu
title	Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China
title_short	Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China
title_full	Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China
title_fullStr	Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China
title_full_unstemmed	Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China
title_sort	water-saving efficiency and inequality of virtual water trade in china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7c33e529e0614c8a8119b442a28ff6d8
work_keys_str_mv	AT yueyanxu watersavingefficiencyandinequalityofvirtualwatertradeinchina AT qingsongtian watersavingefficiencyandinequalityofvirtualwatertradeinchina AT yanyu watersavingefficiencyandinequalityofvirtualwatertradeinchina AT mingli watersavingefficiencyandinequalityofvirtualwatertradeinchina AT chongguangli watersavingefficiencyandinequalityofvirtualwatertradeinchina
_version_	1718431358752129024

Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China

Ejemplares similares