B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms

The thickness parameters that most empirical models use are generally defined by empirical relations related to ionogram characteristics. This is the case with the NeQuick model that uses an inflection point below the F2 layer peak to define a thickness parameter of the F2 bottomside of the electron...

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Autores principales:	Yenca Migoya-Orué, Katy Alazo-Cuartas, Anton Kashcheyev, Christine Amory-Mazaudier, Sandro Radicella, Bruno Nava, Rolland Fleury, Rodolfo Ezquer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ionospheric empirical models thickness parameter NeQuick model total electron content geomagnetic storms Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7c52d6aa29d7469a910b02b80856a6d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7c52d6aa29d7469a910b02b80856a6d42021-11-11T19:18:29ZB2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms10.3390/s212173691424-8220https://doaj.org/article/7c52d6aa29d7469a910b02b80856a6d42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7369https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220The thickness parameters that most empirical models use are generally defined by empirical relations related to ionogram characteristics. This is the case with the NeQuick model that uses an inflection point below the F2 layer peak to define a thickness parameter of the F2 bottomside of the electron density profile, which is named B2. This study is focused on the effects of geomagnetic storms on the thickness parameter B2. We selected three equinoctial storms, namely 17 March 2013, 2 October 2013 and 17 March 2015. To investigate the behavior of the B2 parameter before, during and after those events, we have analyzed variations of GNSS derived vertical TEC (VTEC) and maximum electron density (NmF2) obtained from manually scaled ionograms over 20 stations at middle and low latitudes of Asian, Euro-African and American longitude sectors. The results show two main kinds of responses after the onset of the geomagnetic events: a peak of B2 parameter prior to the increase in VTEC and NmF2 (in ~60% of the cases) and a fluctuation in B2 associated with a decrease in VTEC and NmF2 (~25% of the cases). The behavior observed has been related to the dominant factor acting after the CME shocks associated with positive and negative storm effects. Investigation into the time delay of the different measurements according to location showed that B2 reacts before NmF2 and VTEC after the onset of the storms in all the cases. The sensitivity shown by B2 during the studied storms might indicate that experimentally derived thickness parameter B2 could be incorporated into the empirical models such as NeQuick in order to adapt them to storm situations that represent extreme cases of ionospheric weather-like conditions.Yenca Migoya-OruéKaty Alazo-CuartasAnton KashcheyevChristine Amory-MazaudierSandro RadicellaBruno NavaRolland FleuryRodolfo EzquerMDPI AGarticleionospheric empirical modelsthickness parameterNeQuick modeltotal electron contentgeomagnetic stormsChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7369, p 7369 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ionospheric empirical models thickness parameter NeQuick model total electron content geomagnetic storms Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	ionospheric empirical models thickness parameter NeQuick model total electron content geomagnetic storms Chemical technology TP1-1185 Yenca Migoya-Orué Katy Alazo-Cuartas Anton Kashcheyev Christine Amory-Mazaudier Sandro Radicella Bruno Nava Rolland Fleury Rodolfo Ezquer B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms
description	The thickness parameters that most empirical models use are generally defined by empirical relations related to ionogram characteristics. This is the case with the NeQuick model that uses an inflection point below the F2 layer peak to define a thickness parameter of the F2 bottomside of the electron density profile, which is named B2. This study is focused on the effects of geomagnetic storms on the thickness parameter B2. We selected three equinoctial storms, namely 17 March 2013, 2 October 2013 and 17 March 2015. To investigate the behavior of the B2 parameter before, during and after those events, we have analyzed variations of GNSS derived vertical TEC (VTEC) and maximum electron density (NmF2) obtained from manually scaled ionograms over 20 stations at middle and low latitudes of Asian, Euro-African and American longitude sectors. The results show two main kinds of responses after the onset of the geomagnetic events: a peak of B2 parameter prior to the increase in VTEC and NmF2 (in ~60% of the cases) and a fluctuation in B2 associated with a decrease in VTEC and NmF2 (~25% of the cases). The behavior observed has been related to the dominant factor acting after the CME shocks associated with positive and negative storm effects. Investigation into the time delay of the different measurements according to location showed that B2 reacts before NmF2 and VTEC after the onset of the storms in all the cases. The sensitivity shown by B2 during the studied storms might indicate that experimentally derived thickness parameter B2 could be incorporated into the empirical models such as NeQuick in order to adapt them to storm situations that represent extreme cases of ionospheric weather-like conditions.
format	article
author	Yenca Migoya-Orué Katy Alazo-Cuartas Anton Kashcheyev Christine Amory-Mazaudier Sandro Radicella Bruno Nava Rolland Fleury Rodolfo Ezquer
author_facet	Yenca Migoya-Orué Katy Alazo-Cuartas Anton Kashcheyev Christine Amory-Mazaudier Sandro Radicella Bruno Nava Rolland Fleury Rodolfo Ezquer
author_sort	Yenca Migoya-Orué
title	B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms
title_short	B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms
title_full	B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms
title_fullStr	B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms
title_full_unstemmed	B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms
title_sort	b2 thickness parameter response to equinoctial geomagnetic storms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7c52d6aa29d7469a910b02b80856a6d4
work_keys_str_mv	AT yencamigoyaorue b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT katyalazocuartas b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT antonkashcheyev b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT christineamorymazaudier b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT sandroradicella b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT brunonava b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT rollandfleury b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms AT rodolfoezquer b2thicknessparameterresponsetoequinoctialgeomagneticstorms
_version_	1718431593551364096

B2 Thickness Parameter Response to Equinoctial Geomagnetic Storms

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