Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect

Saurabh S Thosar,1– 4 Daniel Chess,1 Nicole P Bowles,1 Andrew W McHill,1,2 Matthew P Butler,1,5 Jonathan S Emens,1,6 Steven A Shea1,4 1Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 2School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science Universi...

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Autores principales:	Thosar SS, Chess D, Bowles NP, McHill AW, Butler MP, Emens JS, Shea SA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	sleep efficiency midlife adults obstructive sleep apnea morning cardiovascular risk polysomnography sex differences Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7c603b072def47c5aaa4e34df39d156c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7c603b072def47c5aaa4e34df39d156c2021-12-02T17:25:47ZSleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/7c603b072def47c5aaa4e34df39d156c2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/sleep-efficiency-is-inversely-associated-with-brachial-artery-diameter-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Saurabh S Thosar,1– 4 Daniel Chess,1 Nicole P Bowles,1 Andrew W McHill,1,2 Matthew P Butler,1,5 Jonathan S Emens,1,6 Steven A Shea1,4 1Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 2School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 3Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 4OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 5Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 6Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97239, USACorrespondence: Saurabh S ThosarOregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code 606, Portland, OR, 97239, USATel +1 503 494-2064Fax +1 503 494-4278Email thosar@ohsu.eduPurpose: Sleep efficiency is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. Brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are noninvasive cardiovascular disease markers. We assessed the associations between sleep efficiency and these vascular markers in midlife adults, including people with sleep apnea.Patients and Methods: Thirty (18 males) participants completed an in-laboratory 8-hour sleep opportunity beginning at their habitual bedtimes. Polysomnography was used to assess sleep patterns and sleep efficiency (time asleep/time in bed). We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and baseline diameter, and FMD immediately upon awakening in the morning. Mixed model analyses, adjusting for apnea-hypopnea and body mass indices, were used to assess the relationship between overnight sleep efficiency and cardiovascular markers. We also explored sex differences.Results: Sleep efficiency was negatively associated with baseline brachial artery diameter (p = 0.005), systolic BP (p = 0.01), and diastolic BP (p = 0.02), but not flow-mediated dilation or heart rate (p > 0.05). These relationships were confirmed with correlations between sleep efficiency and baseline diameter (r = − 0.52, p = 0.004), systolic BP (r = − 0.43, p = 0.017), and diastolic BP (r = − 0.43, p = 0.019). There was a sex-specific interaction trend for sleep efficiency and arterial diameter (p = 0.07) and a significant sex-specific interaction (p < 0.05) for BP, such that the relationships between sleep efficiency and cardiovascular markers were significant in women but not in men.Conclusion: In midlife adults, poor sleep efficiency is associated with increased brachial artery diameter and blood pressure, effects that were primarily driven by significant associations in women. These associations could underlie the observed increase in cardiovascular risk in adults with poor sleep and cardiovascular disease.Keywords: sleep efficiency, midlife adults, obstructive sleep apnea, morning cardiovascular risk, polysomnography, sex differencesThosar SSChess DBowles NPMcHill AWButler MPEmens JSShea SADove Medical Pressarticlesleep efficiencymidlife adultsobstructive sleep apneamorning cardiovascular riskpolysomnographysex differencesPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 13, Pp 1641-1651 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sleep efficiency midlife adults obstructive sleep apnea morning cardiovascular risk polysomnography sex differences Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	sleep efficiency midlife adults obstructive sleep apnea morning cardiovascular risk polysomnography sex differences Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Thosar SS Chess D Bowles NP McHill AW Butler MP Emens JS Shea SA Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect
description	Saurabh S Thosar,1– 4 Daniel Chess,1 Nicole P Bowles,1 Andrew W McHill,1,2 Matthew P Butler,1,5 Jonathan S Emens,1,6 Steven A Shea1,4 1Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 2School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 3Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 4OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 5Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 6Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97239, USACorrespondence: Saurabh S ThosarOregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code 606, Portland, OR, 97239, USATel +1 503 494-2064Fax +1 503 494-4278Email thosar@ohsu.eduPurpose: Sleep efficiency is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. Brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are noninvasive cardiovascular disease markers. We assessed the associations between sleep efficiency and these vascular markers in midlife adults, including people with sleep apnea.Patients and Methods: Thirty (18 males) participants completed an in-laboratory 8-hour sleep opportunity beginning at their habitual bedtimes. Polysomnography was used to assess sleep patterns and sleep efficiency (time asleep/time in bed). We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and baseline diameter, and FMD immediately upon awakening in the morning. Mixed model analyses, adjusting for apnea-hypopnea and body mass indices, were used to assess the relationship between overnight sleep efficiency and cardiovascular markers. We also explored sex differences.Results: Sleep efficiency was negatively associated with baseline brachial artery diameter (p = 0.005), systolic BP (p = 0.01), and diastolic BP (p = 0.02), but not flow-mediated dilation or heart rate (p > 0.05). These relationships were confirmed with correlations between sleep efficiency and baseline diameter (r = − 0.52, p = 0.004), systolic BP (r = − 0.43, p = 0.017), and diastolic BP (r = − 0.43, p = 0.019). There was a sex-specific interaction trend for sleep efficiency and arterial diameter (p = 0.07) and a significant sex-specific interaction (p < 0.05) for BP, such that the relationships between sleep efficiency and cardiovascular markers were significant in women but not in men.Conclusion: In midlife adults, poor sleep efficiency is associated with increased brachial artery diameter and blood pressure, effects that were primarily driven by significant associations in women. These associations could underlie the observed increase in cardiovascular risk in adults with poor sleep and cardiovascular disease.Keywords: sleep efficiency, midlife adults, obstructive sleep apnea, morning cardiovascular risk, polysomnography, sex differences
format	article
author	Thosar SS Chess D Bowles NP McHill AW Butler MP Emens JS Shea SA
author_facet	Thosar SS Chess D Bowles NP McHill AW Butler MP Emens JS Shea SA
author_sort	Thosar SS
title	Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect
title_short	Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect
title_full	Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect
title_fullStr	Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect
title_full_unstemmed	Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect
title_sort	sleep efficiency is inversely associated with brachial artery diameter and morning blood pressure in midlife adults, with a potential sex-effect
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7c603b072def47c5aaa4e34df39d156c
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Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect

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