Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells

This paper describes the organization and structure of the swarm queen cells of Apis cerana cerana in spring, summer, and autumn in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. We measured the following indices to reveal the organization rule of swarm cells: number of swarm cells built by each colony during di...

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Autores principales:	Shunhua Yang, Dandan Zhi, Xueyang Gong, Yiqiu Liu, Wenzheng Zhao, Kun Dong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana 2021
Materias:	honey bee diameter length swarming swarming season swarm cell Zoology QL1-991 Ecology QH540-549.5 Natural history (General) QH1-278.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7c7a93e5ae0e493f91f406d95fa69bac
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7c7a93e5ae0e493f91f406d95fa69bac2021-11-20T16:04:18ZSeasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells10.13102/sociobiology.v68i4.72080361-65252447-8067https://doaj.org/article/7c7a93e5ae0e493f91f406d95fa69bac2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://periodicos.uefs.br/index.php/sociobiology/article/view/7208https://doaj.org/toc/0361-6525https://doaj.org/toc/2447-8067 This paper describes the organization and structure of the swarm queen cells of Apis cerana cerana in spring, summer, and autumn in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. We measured the following indices to reveal the organization rule of swarm cells: number of swarm cells built by each colony during different seasons; the shortest distance between two adjacent swarm cells on the comb; distance between swarm cell base and bottom bar of movable frame. We revealed the swarm cells structural characteristics using the following indicators: maximum diameter of swarm cell, the length between mouth and bottom of swarm cell, depth between maximum diameter and bottom of swarm cell, and the ratio of maximum diameter to depth between maximum diameter and bottom of swarm cell. Regarding seasonal differences, results indicated a significant variation in the distance between the swarm cell base and the bottom bar of the movable frame. Still, no such effect was observed in the shortest distance between two adjacent swarm cells. The maximum swarm cell diameter was not considerably influenced either, while the distance between the maximum diameter and the bottom of the swarm cell had substantial variation. The detected ratio of the maximum diameter to the depth between the maximum diameter and the bottom of the swarm cell indicated seasonal changes in the bottom shape of the swarm cell. This study clarifies the temporal and spatial distribution and structure of swarm cells of A. c. cerana. It establishes the basis for predicting the time and position of appearing swarm cells, thus allowing for a more precise determination of the shape and size of queen-cell punch and the ideal position of a cell cup on the bar of queen cup frames in artificial queen rearing. Shunhua YangDandan ZhiXueyang GongYiqiu LiuWenzheng ZhaoKun DongUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santanaarticlehoney beediameterlengthswarmingswarming seasonswarm cellZoologyQL1-991EcologyQH540-549.5Natural history (General)QH1-278.5ENSociobiology, Vol 68, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	honey bee diameter length swarming swarming season swarm cell Zoology QL1-991 Ecology QH540-549.5 Natural history (General) QH1-278.5
spellingShingle	honey bee diameter length swarming swarming season swarm cell Zoology QL1-991 Ecology QH540-549.5 Natural history (General) QH1-278.5 Shunhua Yang Dandan Zhi Xueyang Gong Yiqiu Liu Wenzheng Zhao Kun Dong Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells
description	This paper describes the organization and structure of the swarm queen cells of Apis cerana cerana in spring, summer, and autumn in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. We measured the following indices to reveal the organization rule of swarm cells: number of swarm cells built by each colony during different seasons; the shortest distance between two adjacent swarm cells on the comb; distance between swarm cell base and bottom bar of movable frame. We revealed the swarm cells structural characteristics using the following indicators: maximum diameter of swarm cell, the length between mouth and bottom of swarm cell, depth between maximum diameter and bottom of swarm cell, and the ratio of maximum diameter to depth between maximum diameter and bottom of swarm cell. Regarding seasonal differences, results indicated a significant variation in the distance between the swarm cell base and the bottom bar of the movable frame. Still, no such effect was observed in the shortest distance between two adjacent swarm cells. The maximum swarm cell diameter was not considerably influenced either, while the distance between the maximum diameter and the bottom of the swarm cell had substantial variation. The detected ratio of the maximum diameter to the depth between the maximum diameter and the bottom of the swarm cell indicated seasonal changes in the bottom shape of the swarm cell. This study clarifies the temporal and spatial distribution and structure of swarm cells of A. c. cerana. It establishes the basis for predicting the time and position of appearing swarm cells, thus allowing for a more precise determination of the shape and size of queen-cell punch and the ideal position of a cell cup on the bar of queen cup frames in artificial queen rearing.
format	article
author	Shunhua Yang Dandan Zhi Xueyang Gong Yiqiu Liu Wenzheng Zhao Kun Dong
author_facet	Shunhua Yang Dandan Zhi Xueyang Gong Yiqiu Liu Wenzheng Zhao Kun Dong
author_sort	Shunhua Yang
title	Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells
title_short	Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells
title_full	Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells
title_fullStr	Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells
title_sort	seasonal variations in the organization and structure of apis cerana cerana swarm queen cells
publisher	Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7c7a93e5ae0e493f91f406d95fa69bac
work_keys_str_mv	AT shunhuayang seasonalvariationsintheorganizationandstructureofapisceranaceranaswarmqueencells AT dandanzhi seasonalvariationsintheorganizationandstructureofapisceranaceranaswarmqueencells AT xueyanggong seasonalvariationsintheorganizationandstructureofapisceranaceranaswarmqueencells AT yiqiuliu seasonalvariationsintheorganizationandstructureofapisceranaceranaswarmqueencells AT wenzhengzhao seasonalvariationsintheorganizationandstructureofapisceranaceranaswarmqueencells AT kundong seasonalvariationsintheorganizationandstructureofapisceranaceranaswarmqueencells
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Seasonal Variations in the Organization and Structure of Apis cerana cerana Swarm Queen Cells

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