Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon
Abstract In a context where SARS-CoV-2 population-wide testing is implemented, clinical features and antibody response in those infected have never been documented in Africa. Yet, the information provided by analyzing data from population-wide testing is critical to understand the infection dynamics...
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2021
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Medicine R Science Q Amandine Mveang Nzoghe Guy-Stephan Padzys Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya Marisca Kandet Yattara Marielle Leboueny Rotimi Myrabelle Avome Houechenou Eliode Cyrien Bongho Cedrick Mba-Mezeme Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji Jean Claude Biteghe-Bi-Essone Alain Boulende Paulin N. Essone Carene Anne Alene Ndong Sima Ulysse Minkobame Carinne Zang Eyi Bénédicte Ndeboko Alexandru Voloc Jean-François Meye Simon Ategbo Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon |
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Abstract In a context where SARS-CoV-2 population-wide testing is implemented, clinical features and antibody response in those infected have never been documented in Africa. Yet, the information provided by analyzing data from population-wide testing is critical to understand the infection dynamics and devise control strategies. We described clinical features and assessed antibody response in people screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed data from a cohort of 3464 people that we molecularly screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection in our routine activity. We recorded people SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, age, gender, blood types, white blood cells (WBC), symptoms, chronic disease status and time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR conversion from positive to negative. We calculated the age-based distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, analyzed the proportion and the spectrum of COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, in a nested sub-study, we screened 83 COVID-19 patients and 319 contact-cases for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Males and females accounted for respectively 51% and 49% of people screened. The studied population median and mean age were both 39 years. 592 out of 3464 people (17.2%) were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection with males and females representing, respectively, 53% and 47%. The median and mean ages of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects were 37 and 38 years respectively. The lowest rate of infection (8%) was observed in the elderly (aged > 60). The rate of SARS-Cov-2 infection in both young (18–35 years old) and middle-aged adults (36–60 years old) was around 20%. The analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection age distribution showed that middle-aged adults accounted for 54.7% of SARS-CoV-2 positive persons, followed respectively by young adults (33.7%), children (7.7%) and elderly (3.8%). 68% (N = 402) of SARS-CoV-2 infected persons were asymptomatic, 26.3% (N = 156) had influenza-like symptoms, 2.7% (N = 16) had influenza-like symptoms associated with anosmia and ageusia, 2% (N = 11) had dyspnea and 1% (N = 7) had respiratory failure, which resulted in death. Data also showed that 12% of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects, had chronic diseases. Hypertension, diabetes, and asthma were the top concurrent chronic diseases representing respectively 58%, 25% and 12% of recorded chronic diseases. Half of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients were cured within 14 days following the initiation of the anti-COVID-19 treatment protocol. 78.3% of COVID-19 patients and 55% of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed negative contact-cases were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Patients with severe-to-critical illness have higher leukocytes, higher neutrophils and lower lymphocyte counts contrarily to asymptomatic patients and patients with mild-to-moderate illness. Neutrophilic leukopenia was more prevalent in asymptomatic patients and patients with mild-to-moderate disease for 4 weeks after diagnosis (27.1–42.1%). In Patients with severe-to-critical illness, neutrophilic leukocytosis or neutrophilia (35.6–50%) and lymphocytopenia (20–40%) were more frequent. More than 60% of participants were blood type O. It is also important to note that infection rate was slightly higher among A and B blood types compared with type O. In this African setting, young and middle-aged adults are most likely driving community transmission of COVID-19. The rate of critical disease is relatively low. The high rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies observed in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative contact cases suggests that subclinical infection may have been overlooked in our setting. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Amandine Mveang Nzoghe Guy-Stephan Padzys Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya Marisca Kandet Yattara Marielle Leboueny Rotimi Myrabelle Avome Houechenou Eliode Cyrien Bongho Cedrick Mba-Mezeme Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji Jean Claude Biteghe-Bi-Essone Alain Boulende Paulin N. Essone Carene Anne Alene Ndong Sima Ulysse Minkobame Carinne Zang Eyi Bénédicte Ndeboko Alexandru Voloc Jean-François Meye Simon Ategbo Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya |
| author_facet |
Amandine Mveang Nzoghe Guy-Stephan Padzys Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya Marisca Kandet Yattara Marielle Leboueny Rotimi Myrabelle Avome Houechenou Eliode Cyrien Bongho Cedrick Mba-Mezeme Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji Jean Claude Biteghe-Bi-Essone Alain Boulende Paulin N. Essone Carene Anne Alene Ndong Sima Ulysse Minkobame Carinne Zang Eyi Bénédicte Ndeboko Alexandru Voloc Jean-François Meye Simon Ategbo Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya |
| author_sort |
Amandine Mveang Nzoghe |
| title |
Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon |
| title_short |
Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon |
| title_full |
Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon |
| title_fullStr |
Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Dynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon |
| title_sort |
dynamic and features of sars-cov-2 infection in gabon |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/7c7c5c454d7f47b2bfea2b16be1f7538 |
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AT amandinemveangnzoghe dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT guystephanpadzys dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT anicetchristelmaloupazoasiawaya dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT mariscakandetyattara dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT marielleleboueny dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT rotimimyrabelleavomehouechenou dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT eliodecyrienbongho dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT cedrickmbamezeme dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT ofiliamvoundzandjindji dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT jeanclaudebiteghebiessone dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT alainboulende dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT paulinnessone dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT careneannealenendongsima dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT ulysseminkobame dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT carinnezangeyi dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT benedictendeboko dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT alexandruvoloc dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT jeanfrancoismeye dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT simonategbo dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon AT joelfleurydjobasiawaya dynamicandfeaturesofsarscov2infectioningabon |
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oai:doaj.org-article:7c7c5c454d7f47b2bfea2b16be1f75382021-12-02T16:51:39ZDynamic and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gabon10.1038/s41598-021-87043-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7c7c5c454d7f47b2bfea2b16be1f75382021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87043-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In a context where SARS-CoV-2 population-wide testing is implemented, clinical features and antibody response in those infected have never been documented in Africa. Yet, the information provided by analyzing data from population-wide testing is critical to understand the infection dynamics and devise control strategies. We described clinical features and assessed antibody response in people screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed data from a cohort of 3464 people that we molecularly screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection in our routine activity. We recorded people SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, age, gender, blood types, white blood cells (WBC), symptoms, chronic disease status and time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR conversion from positive to negative. We calculated the age-based distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, analyzed the proportion and the spectrum of COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, in a nested sub-study, we screened 83 COVID-19 patients and 319 contact-cases for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Males and females accounted for respectively 51% and 49% of people screened. The studied population median and mean age were both 39 years. 592 out of 3464 people (17.2%) were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection with males and females representing, respectively, 53% and 47%. The median and mean ages of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects were 37 and 38 years respectively. The lowest rate of infection (8%) was observed in the elderly (aged > 60). The rate of SARS-Cov-2 infection in both young (18–35 years old) and middle-aged adults (36–60 years old) was around 20%. The analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection age distribution showed that middle-aged adults accounted for 54.7% of SARS-CoV-2 positive persons, followed respectively by young adults (33.7%), children (7.7%) and elderly (3.8%). 68% (N = 402) of SARS-CoV-2 infected persons were asymptomatic, 26.3% (N = 156) had influenza-like symptoms, 2.7% (N = 16) had influenza-like symptoms associated with anosmia and ageusia, 2% (N = 11) had dyspnea and 1% (N = 7) had respiratory failure, which resulted in death. Data also showed that 12% of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects, had chronic diseases. Hypertension, diabetes, and asthma were the top concurrent chronic diseases representing respectively 58%, 25% and 12% of recorded chronic diseases. Half of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients were cured within 14 days following the initiation of the anti-COVID-19 treatment protocol. 78.3% of COVID-19 patients and 55% of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed negative contact-cases were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Patients with severe-to-critical illness have higher leukocytes, higher neutrophils and lower lymphocyte counts contrarily to asymptomatic patients and patients with mild-to-moderate illness. Neutrophilic leukopenia was more prevalent in asymptomatic patients and patients with mild-to-moderate disease for 4 weeks after diagnosis (27.1–42.1%). In Patients with severe-to-critical illness, neutrophilic leukocytosis or neutrophilia (35.6–50%) and lymphocytopenia (20–40%) were more frequent. More than 60% of participants were blood type O. It is also important to note that infection rate was slightly higher among A and B blood types compared with type O. In this African setting, young and middle-aged adults are most likely driving community transmission of COVID-19. The rate of critical disease is relatively low. The high rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies observed in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative contact cases suggests that subclinical infection may have been overlooked in our setting.Amandine Mveang NzogheGuy-Stephan PadzysAnicet Christel Maloupazoa SiawayaMarisca Kandet YattaraMarielle LebouenyRotimi Myrabelle Avome HouechenouEliode Cyrien BonghoCedrick Mba-MezemeOfilia Mvoundza NdjindjiJean Claude Biteghe-Bi-EssoneAlain BoulendePaulin N. EssoneCarene Anne Alene Ndong SimaUlysse MinkobameCarinne Zang EyiBénédicte NdebokoAlexandru VolocJean-François MeyeSimon AtegboJoel Fleury Djoba SiawayaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) |