Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Abstract Diurnal variation of convective storms (CSs) during monsoon season and associated physical mechanisms are significantly important for accurate forecast of short-time and extreme precipitation. The diurnal cycle of CSs is investigated using ground-based X-band radar, Tropical Rainfall Measur...

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Autores principales:	U. V. Murali Krishna, Subrata Kumar Das, Sachin M. Deshpande, G. Pandithurai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7ca346b81966455ab66f30337dd16dea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7ca346b81966455ab66f30337dd16dea2021-12-02T16:15:06ZPhysical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats10.1038/s41598-021-93173-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7ca346b81966455ab66f30337dd16dea2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93173-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Diurnal variation of convective storms (CSs) during monsoon season and associated physical mechanisms are significantly important for accurate forecast of short-time and extreme precipitation. The diurnal cycle of CSs is investigated using ground-based X-band radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar, and reanalysis data during the summer monsoon (June–September of 2014) over complex mountain terrain of Western Ghats, India. Diurnally, CSs show a bimodal distribution in the coastal areas, but this bimodality became weak along the upslope regions and on the mountain top. The first occurrence mode of CSs is in the afternoon–evening hours, while the second peak is in the early-morning hours. The diurnal cycle’s intensity varies with location, such that it reaches maximum in the afternoon–evening hours and early morning on the mountain top and coastal areas, respectively. Two possible mechanisms are proposed for the observed diurnal variation in CSs (a) the radiative cooling effect and (b) the surface wind convergence induced by the interaction between land-sea breeze, local topography and large-scale monsoon winds. It is also observed that the CSs developed on the mountain top during afternoon–evening hours are deeper than those along the coast. The higher moisture in the lower- and mid-troposphere, higher instability and strong upward motion facilitate deeper CSs during afternoon–evening hours.U. V. Murali KrishnaSubrata Kumar DasSachin M. DeshpandeG. PandithuraiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q U. V. Murali Krishna Subrata Kumar Das Sachin M. Deshpande G. Pandithurai Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats
description	Abstract Diurnal variation of convective storms (CSs) during monsoon season and associated physical mechanisms are significantly important for accurate forecast of short-time and extreme precipitation. The diurnal cycle of CSs is investigated using ground-based X-band radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar, and reanalysis data during the summer monsoon (June–September of 2014) over complex mountain terrain of Western Ghats, India. Diurnally, CSs show a bimodal distribution in the coastal areas, but this bimodality became weak along the upslope regions and on the mountain top. The first occurrence mode of CSs is in the afternoon–evening hours, while the second peak is in the early-morning hours. The diurnal cycle’s intensity varies with location, such that it reaches maximum in the afternoon–evening hours and early morning on the mountain top and coastal areas, respectively. Two possible mechanisms are proposed for the observed diurnal variation in CSs (a) the radiative cooling effect and (b) the surface wind convergence induced by the interaction between land-sea breeze, local topography and large-scale monsoon winds. It is also observed that the CSs developed on the mountain top during afternoon–evening hours are deeper than those along the coast. The higher moisture in the lower- and mid-troposphere, higher instability and strong upward motion facilitate deeper CSs during afternoon–evening hours.
format	article
author	U. V. Murali Krishna Subrata Kumar Das Sachin M. Deshpande G. Pandithurai
author_facet	U. V. Murali Krishna Subrata Kumar Das Sachin M. Deshpande G. Pandithurai
author_sort	U. V. Murali Krishna
title	Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats
title_short	Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats
title_full	Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats
title_fullStr	Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats
title_full_unstemmed	Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats
title_sort	physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the western ghats
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7ca346b81966455ab66f30337dd16dea
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Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

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