Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta

The State of Louisiana is leading an integrated wetland restoration and flood risk reduction program in the Mississippi River Delta. East of New Orleans, Biloxi Marsh, a ~1700 km<sup>2</sup> peninsula jutting 60 km north toward the State of Mississippi is one of few Delta wetland tracts...

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Autores principales:	G. Paul Kemp, Elizabeth C. McDade, John W. Day, Robert R. Lane, Nancye H. Dawers, Jason N. Day
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Mississippi River Delta Biloxi Marsh marsh submergence relative sea level rise delta restoration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7cac3b086d19491da37d7aeb486e6723
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7cac3b086d19491da37d7aeb486e67232021-11-25T19:15:07ZRecovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta10.3390/w132231792073-4441https://doaj.org/article/7cac3b086d19491da37d7aeb486e67232021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3179https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The State of Louisiana is leading an integrated wetland restoration and flood risk reduction program in the Mississippi River Delta. East of New Orleans, Biloxi Marsh, a ~1700 km<sup>2</sup> peninsula jutting 60 km north toward the State of Mississippi is one of few Delta wetland tracts well positioned to dissipate hurricane surge and waves threatening the city’s newly rebuilt hurricane flood defenses. Both its location on the eastern margin of the Delta, and its genesis as the geologic core of the shallow water St. Bernard/Terre aux Boeuf sub-delta, which was the primary Mississippi outlet for almost 2000 years, make Biloxi Marsh attractive for restoration, now that the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet deep-draft ship channel has been dammed, and 50 years of impacts from construction and operation have abated. Now, the cascade of ecosystem damage it caused can be reversed or offset by restoration projects that leverage natural recovery and increased access to suspended sediment from the Mississippi River. Biloxi Marsh is (1) geologically stable, (2) benefiting from increased input of river sediment, and (3) could be restored to sustainability earlier and for a longer period than most of the rest of the submerging Mississippi Delta. The focus of this review is on the Biloxi Marsh, but it also provides a template for regional studies, including analysis of 2D and 3D seismic and other energy industry data to explore why existing marshes that look similar on the ground or from the air may respond to restoration measures with different levels of success. Properties of inherent durability and resilience can be exploited in restoration project selection, sequencing and expenditure. Issues encountered and investigative methods applied in the Biloxi Marsh are likely to resonate across initiatives now contemplated to sustain valuable river deltas worldwide.G. Paul KempElizabeth C. McDadeJohn W. DayRobert R. LaneNancye H. DawersJason N. DayMDPI AGarticleMississippi River DeltaBiloxi Marshmarsh submergencerelative sea level risedelta restorationHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3179, p 3179 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mississippi River Delta Biloxi Marsh marsh submergence relative sea level rise delta restoration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	Mississippi River Delta Biloxi Marsh marsh submergence relative sea level rise delta restoration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 G. Paul Kemp Elizabeth C. McDade John W. Day Robert R. Lane Nancye H. Dawers Jason N. Day Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta
description	The State of Louisiana is leading an integrated wetland restoration and flood risk reduction program in the Mississippi River Delta. East of New Orleans, Biloxi Marsh, a ~1700 km<sup>2</sup> peninsula jutting 60 km north toward the State of Mississippi is one of few Delta wetland tracts well positioned to dissipate hurricane surge and waves threatening the city’s newly rebuilt hurricane flood defenses. Both its location on the eastern margin of the Delta, and its genesis as the geologic core of the shallow water St. Bernard/Terre aux Boeuf sub-delta, which was the primary Mississippi outlet for almost 2000 years, make Biloxi Marsh attractive for restoration, now that the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet deep-draft ship channel has been dammed, and 50 years of impacts from construction and operation have abated. Now, the cascade of ecosystem damage it caused can be reversed or offset by restoration projects that leverage natural recovery and increased access to suspended sediment from the Mississippi River. Biloxi Marsh is (1) geologically stable, (2) benefiting from increased input of river sediment, and (3) could be restored to sustainability earlier and for a longer period than most of the rest of the submerging Mississippi Delta. The focus of this review is on the Biloxi Marsh, but it also provides a template for regional studies, including analysis of 2D and 3D seismic and other energy industry data to explore why existing marshes that look similar on the ground or from the air may respond to restoration measures with different levels of success. Properties of inherent durability and resilience can be exploited in restoration project selection, sequencing and expenditure. Issues encountered and investigative methods applied in the Biloxi Marsh are likely to resonate across initiatives now contemplated to sustain valuable river deltas worldwide.
format	article
author	G. Paul Kemp Elizabeth C. McDade John W. Day Robert R. Lane Nancye H. Dawers Jason N. Day
author_facet	G. Paul Kemp Elizabeth C. McDade John W. Day Robert R. Lane Nancye H. Dawers Jason N. Day
author_sort	G. Paul Kemp
title	Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta
title_short	Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta
title_full	Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta
title_fullStr	Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta
title_full_unstemmed	Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta
title_sort	recovery and restoration of biloxi marsh in the mississippi river delta
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7cac3b086d19491da37d7aeb486e6723
work_keys_str_mv	AT gpaulkemp recoveryandrestorationofbiloximarshinthemississippiriverdelta AT elizabethcmcdade recoveryandrestorationofbiloximarshinthemississippiriverdelta AT johnwday recoveryandrestorationofbiloximarshinthemississippiriverdelta AT robertrlane recoveryandrestorationofbiloximarshinthemississippiriverdelta AT nancyehdawers recoveryandrestorationofbiloximarshinthemississippiriverdelta AT jasonnday recoveryandrestorationofbiloximarshinthemississippiriverdelta
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Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta

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