D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?

In nature, amino acids are found in two forms, L and D enantiomers, except for glycine which does not have a chiral center. The change of one form to the other will lead to a change in the primary structure of proteins and hence may affect the function and biological activity of proteins. Indeed, se...

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Autores principales:	Mohamed Abdulbagi, Liya Wang, Orwa Siddig, Bin Di, Bo Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	D-amino acids DAACPs biomarker therapeutic targets LC-MS D-Asp Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7cc4a7ba91834640b643af9993f151ff
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:7cc4a7ba91834640b643af9993f151ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7cc4a7ba91834640b643af9993f151ff2021-11-25T16:54:15ZD-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?10.3390/biom111117162218-273Xhttps://doaj.org/article/7cc4a7ba91834640b643af9993f151ff2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/11/1716https://doaj.org/toc/2218-273XIn nature, amino acids are found in two forms, L and D enantiomers, except for glycine which does not have a chiral center. The change of one form to the other will lead to a change in the primary structure of proteins and hence may affect the function and biological activity of proteins. Indeed, several D-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) were isolated from patients with cataracts, Alzheimer’s and other diseases. Additionally, significant levels of free D-amino acids were found in several diseases, reflecting the disease conditions. Studying the molecular mechanisms of the DAACPs formation and the alteration in D-amino acids metabolism will certainly assist in understanding these diseases and finding new biomarkers and drug targets. In this review, the presence of DAACPs and free D-amino acids and their links with disease development and progress are summarized. Similarly, we highlight some recent advances in analytical techniques that led to improvement in the discovery and analysis of DAACPs and D-amino acids.Mohamed AbdulbagiLiya WangOrwa SiddigBin DiBo LiMDPI AGarticleD-amino acidsDAACPsbiomarkertherapeutic targetsLC-MSD-AspMicrobiologyQR1-502ENBiomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 1716, p 1716 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	D-amino acids DAACPs biomarker therapeutic targets LC-MS D-Asp Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	D-amino acids DAACPs biomarker therapeutic targets LC-MS D-Asp Microbiology QR1-502 Mohamed Abdulbagi Liya Wang Orwa Siddig Bin Di Bo Li D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
description	In nature, amino acids are found in two forms, L and D enantiomers, except for glycine which does not have a chiral center. The change of one form to the other will lead to a change in the primary structure of proteins and hence may affect the function and biological activity of proteins. Indeed, several D-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) were isolated from patients with cataracts, Alzheimer’s and other diseases. Additionally, significant levels of free D-amino acids were found in several diseases, reflecting the disease conditions. Studying the molecular mechanisms of the DAACPs formation and the alteration in D-amino acids metabolism will certainly assist in understanding these diseases and finding new biomarkers and drug targets. In this review, the presence of DAACPs and free D-amino acids and their links with disease development and progress are summarized. Similarly, we highlight some recent advances in analytical techniques that led to improvement in the discovery and analysis of DAACPs and D-amino acids.
format	article
author	Mohamed Abdulbagi Liya Wang Orwa Siddig Bin Di Bo Li
author_facet	Mohamed Abdulbagi Liya Wang Orwa Siddig Bin Di Bo Li
author_sort	Mohamed Abdulbagi
title	D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
title_short	D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
title_full	D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
title_fullStr	D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
title_full_unstemmed	D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?
title_sort	d-amino acids and d-amino acid-containing peptides: potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7cc4a7ba91834640b643af9993f151ff
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohamedabdulbagi daminoacidsanddaminoacidcontainingpeptidespotentialdiseasebiomarkersandtherapeutictargets AT liyawang daminoacidsanddaminoacidcontainingpeptidespotentialdiseasebiomarkersandtherapeutictargets AT orwasiddig daminoacidsanddaminoacidcontainingpeptidespotentialdiseasebiomarkersandtherapeutictargets AT bindi daminoacidsanddaminoacidcontainingpeptidespotentialdiseasebiomarkersandtherapeutictargets AT boli daminoacidsanddaminoacidcontainingpeptidespotentialdiseasebiomarkersandtherapeutictargets
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D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?

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