Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments

Andean forests, a hotspot of biodiversity, have suffered extensive fragmentation, yet we have little understanding of how this process has affected biodiversity. We surveyed bird communities across a gradient of fragment sizes (10–170 ha) and a continuous forest reference site in the Colombian Weste...

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Autores principales:	Harrison H. Jones, Elisa Barreto, Oscar Murillo, Scott K. Robinson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Forest fragmentation Functional diversity Selective logging Area sensitivity Multi-species occupancy model Nestedness Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7cd3534ba5424ff687e48aa5e1d6eade
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7cd3534ba5424ff687e48aa5e1d6eade2021-11-14T04:33:26ZTurnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments2351-989410.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01922https://doaj.org/article/7cd3534ba5424ff687e48aa5e1d6eade2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421004728https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894Andean forests, a hotspot of biodiversity, have suffered extensive fragmentation, yet we have little understanding of how this process has affected biodiversity. We surveyed bird communities across a gradient of fragment sizes (10–170 ha) and a continuous forest reference site in the Colombian Western Andes. Using a multi-species occupancy model to combine survey data from audio-visual transect surveys, mist netting, and playbacks for owls, we estimated alpha and beta taxonomic and functional diversity. We asked whether (1) habitat amount (patch size), edge effects, or selective logging affect bird occupancy and drive changes to diversity, (2) functional and taxonomic diversity respond similarly to fragmentation, and (3) compositional changes result from species turnover or nested species loss. Species richness declined with decreasing habitat amount, increasing edge density, and increasing disturbance through selective logging. These effects were driven by the loss of forest-dependent species, which were also area sensitive: 30 such species were absent from fragments, even the largest ones (>150 ha). Area-sensitive species were also edge sensitive and increased in occupancy in unlogged forest. We further found high beta diversity (0.78) driven by species turnover (85% of dissimilarity) along the gradient. Despite extensive turnover to non-forest species within functional groups, functional trait richness and dispersion significantly declined with habitat amount. Small fragments may mimic the structure and composition of early-successional Andean forests, driving spatial turnover patterns favoring disturbance-adapted species at the expense of primary-forest specialists. Large forest reserves are therefore required to conserve forest-dependent Andean birds.Harrison H. JonesElisa BarretoOscar MurilloScott K. RobinsonElsevierarticleForest fragmentationFunctional diversitySelective loggingArea sensitivityMulti-species occupancy modelNestednessEcologyQH540-549.5ENGlobal Ecology and Conservation, Vol 32, Iss , Pp e01922- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Forest fragmentation Functional diversity Selective logging Area sensitivity Multi-species occupancy model Nestedness Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Forest fragmentation Functional diversity Selective logging Area sensitivity Multi-species occupancy model Nestedness Ecology QH540-549.5 Harrison H. Jones Elisa Barreto Oscar Murillo Scott K. Robinson Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments
description	Andean forests, a hotspot of biodiversity, have suffered extensive fragmentation, yet we have little understanding of how this process has affected biodiversity. We surveyed bird communities across a gradient of fragment sizes (10–170 ha) and a continuous forest reference site in the Colombian Western Andes. Using a multi-species occupancy model to combine survey data from audio-visual transect surveys, mist netting, and playbacks for owls, we estimated alpha and beta taxonomic and functional diversity. We asked whether (1) habitat amount (patch size), edge effects, or selective logging affect bird occupancy and drive changes to diversity, (2) functional and taxonomic diversity respond similarly to fragmentation, and (3) compositional changes result from species turnover or nested species loss. Species richness declined with decreasing habitat amount, increasing edge density, and increasing disturbance through selective logging. These effects were driven by the loss of forest-dependent species, which were also area sensitive: 30 such species were absent from fragments, even the largest ones (>150 ha). Area-sensitive species were also edge sensitive and increased in occupancy in unlogged forest. We further found high beta diversity (0.78) driven by species turnover (85% of dissimilarity) along the gradient. Despite extensive turnover to non-forest species within functional groups, functional trait richness and dispersion significantly declined with habitat amount. Small fragments may mimic the structure and composition of early-successional Andean forests, driving spatial turnover patterns favoring disturbance-adapted species at the expense of primary-forest specialists. Large forest reserves are therefore required to conserve forest-dependent Andean birds.
format	article
author	Harrison H. Jones Elisa Barreto Oscar Murillo Scott K. Robinson
author_facet	Harrison H. Jones Elisa Barreto Oscar Murillo Scott K. Robinson
author_sort	Harrison H. Jones
title	Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments
title_short	Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments
title_full	Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments
title_fullStr	Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments
title_full_unstemmed	Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments
title_sort	turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in andean forest fragments
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7cd3534ba5424ff687e48aa5e1d6eade
work_keys_str_mv	AT harrisonhjones turnoverdrivenlossofforestdependentspecieschangesavianspeciesrichnessfunctionaldiversityandcommunitycompositioninandeanforestfragments AT elisabarreto turnoverdrivenlossofforestdependentspecieschangesavianspeciesrichnessfunctionaldiversityandcommunitycompositioninandeanforestfragments AT oscarmurillo turnoverdrivenlossofforestdependentspecieschangesavianspeciesrichnessfunctionaldiversityandcommunitycompositioninandeanforestfragments AT scottkrobinson turnoverdrivenlossofforestdependentspecieschangesavianspeciesrichnessfunctionaldiversityandcommunitycompositioninandeanforestfragments
_version_	1718429964569673728

Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments

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