Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO2 Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation

Hydrogen and its energy carriers, such as liquid hydrogen (LH2), methylcyclohexane (MCH), and ammonia (NH3), are essential components of low-carbon energy systems. To utilize hydrogen energy, the complete environmental merits of its supply chain should b...

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Autores principales:	Akito Ozawa, Yuki Kudoh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hydrogen energy power generation supply chain life-cycle inventory analysis Monte Carlo simulations Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7ce8918f9414411fb0d5f15198004a9e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7ce8918f9414411fb0d5f15198004a9e2021-11-11T15:46:16ZAssessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation10.3390/en142169431996-1073https://doaj.org/article/7ce8918f9414411fb0d5f15198004a9e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/6943https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Hydrogen and its energy carriers, such as liquid hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>), methylcyclohexane (MCH), and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), are essential components of low-carbon energy systems. To utilize hydrogen energy, the complete environmental merits of its supply chain should be evaluated. To understand the expected environmental benefit under the uncertainty of hydrogen technology development, we conducted life-cycle inventory analysis and calculated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and their uncertainties attributed to the entire supply chain of hydrogen and NH<sub>3</sub> power generation (co-firing and mono-firing) in Japan. Hydrogen was assumed to be produced from overseas renewable energy sources with LH<sub>2</sub>/MCH as the carrier, and NH<sub>3</sub> from natural gas or renewable energy sources. The Japanese life-cycle inventory database was used to calculate emissions. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate emission uncertainty and mitigation factors using hydrogen energy. For LH<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> emission uncertainty during hydrogen liquefaction can be reduced by using low-carbon fuel. For MCH, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were not significantly affected by power consumption of overseas processes; however, it can be reduced by implementing low-carbon fuel and waste-heat utilization during MCH dehydrogenation. Low-carbon NH<sub>3</sub> production processes significantly affected power generation, whereas carbon capture and storage during NH<sub>3</sub> production showed the greatest reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emission. In conclusion, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the production of hydrogen and NH<sub>3</sub> is key to realize low-carbon hydrogen energy systems.Akito OzawaYuki KudohMDPI AGarticlehydrogen energypower generationsupply chainlife-cycle inventory analysisMonte Carlo simulationsTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 6943, p 6943 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydrogen energy power generation supply chain life-cycle inventory analysis Monte Carlo simulations Technology T
spellingShingle	hydrogen energy power generation supply chain life-cycle inventory analysis Monte Carlo simulations Technology T Akito Ozawa Yuki Kudoh Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation
description	Hydrogen and its energy carriers, such as liquid hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>), methylcyclohexane (MCH), and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), are essential components of low-carbon energy systems. To utilize hydrogen energy, the complete environmental merits of its supply chain should be evaluated. To understand the expected environmental benefit under the uncertainty of hydrogen technology development, we conducted life-cycle inventory analysis and calculated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and their uncertainties attributed to the entire supply chain of hydrogen and NH<sub>3</sub> power generation (co-firing and mono-firing) in Japan. Hydrogen was assumed to be produced from overseas renewable energy sources with LH<sub>2</sub>/MCH as the carrier, and NH<sub>3</sub> from natural gas or renewable energy sources. The Japanese life-cycle inventory database was used to calculate emissions. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate emission uncertainty and mitigation factors using hydrogen energy. For LH<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> emission uncertainty during hydrogen liquefaction can be reduced by using low-carbon fuel. For MCH, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were not significantly affected by power consumption of overseas processes; however, it can be reduced by implementing low-carbon fuel and waste-heat utilization during MCH dehydrogenation. Low-carbon NH<sub>3</sub> production processes significantly affected power generation, whereas carbon capture and storage during NH<sub>3</sub> production showed the greatest reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emission. In conclusion, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the production of hydrogen and NH<sub>3</sub> is key to realize low-carbon hydrogen energy systems.
format	article
author	Akito Ozawa Yuki Kudoh
author_facet	Akito Ozawa Yuki Kudoh
author_sort	Akito Ozawa
title	Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation
title_short	Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation
title_full	Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation
title_fullStr	Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation
title_sort	assessing uncertainties of life-cycle co<sub>2</sub> emissions using hydrogen energy for power generation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7ce8918f9414411fb0d5f15198004a9e
work_keys_str_mv	AT akitoozawa assessinguncertaintiesoflifecyclecosub2subemissionsusinghydrogenenergyforpowergeneration AT yukikudoh assessinguncertaintiesoflifecyclecosub2subemissionsusinghydrogenenergyforpowergeneration
_version_	1718434094489010176

Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation

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