Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is becoming the leading cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis, but its population dynamics in aquafarms have received limited attention. To address this research gap, we selected three shellfish farms to examine the impacts of ocean currents and the transport of l...

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Autores principales:	Songzhe Fu, Qingyao Wang, Yixiang Zhang, Qian Yang, Jingwei Hao, Ying Liu, Bo Pang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:	Vibrio parahaemolyticus multilocus sequence typing mobile genetic elements microevolution Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7d36fd3cdd5543e1a556b504096ac709
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7d36fd3cdd5543e1a556b504096ac7092021-12-02T19:22:16ZDynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms10.1128/mSystems.01161-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/7d36fd3cdd5543e1a556b504096ac7092021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.01161-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is becoming the leading cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis, but its population dynamics in aquafarms have received limited attention. To address this research gap, we selected three shellfish farms to examine the impacts of ocean currents and the transport of live aquatic animals on the transmission and microevolution of V. parahaemolyticus by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing. MLST and genomic analysis revealed that the community structure of V. parahaemolyticus in Dalian and Donggang was relatively stable in the presence of ocean currents; however, horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between Dalian and Donggang was very common. Further analysis indicated that the transport of live aquatic animals from Dalian to Xiamen not only introduced new V. parahaemolyticus populations but also allowed the exchange of genetic material between the two sites. More interestingly, Dalian-originated strain ST722 was introduced to Xiamen farms, resulting in one MLST allele change and the acquisition of two genomic islands from indigenous isolates in Xiamen within 8 months; such alterations are thought to promote the adaptation of V. parahaemolyticus. These results provide direct observations of how ocean currents and the transport of live aquatic animals contribute to the dissemination and genetic mixture of V. parahaemolyticus, which provides insights into the dynamics and microevolution of V. parahaemolyticus in aquacultural environments. IMPORTANCE Globally, V. parahaemolyticus-related gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by seafood consumption represent an increasing threat to human health. Despite advances in our understanding of the global epidemiology of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus, fundamental questions about the key driving forces for the spread of V. parahaemolyticus at regional and national scales remain unanswered. This study revealed that the transregional transport of aquatic animals and the movement of ocean currents both contributed to the mixing of V. parahaemolyticus populations. More importantly, this study demonstrated how genetic mixture occurred between introduced and endemic V. parahaemolyticus populations via the transport of aquatic animals, which accelerated bacterial adaptation by transferring ecologically important functions. These results suggest that human activities entail a risk of the emergence of new virulent populations for both aquatic animals and humans by horizontal gene transfer and provide important insights into the microevolution and population mixing of V. parahaemolyticus.Songzhe FuQingyao WangYixiang ZhangQian YangJingwei HaoYing LiuBo PangAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleVibrio parahaemolyticusmultilocus sequence typingmobile genetic elementsmicroevolutionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Vibrio parahaemolyticus multilocus sequence typing mobile genetic elements microevolution Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Vibrio parahaemolyticus multilocus sequence typing mobile genetic elements microevolution Microbiology QR1-502 Songzhe Fu Qingyao Wang Yixiang Zhang Qian Yang Jingwei Hao Ying Liu Bo Pang Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms
description	ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is becoming the leading cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis, but its population dynamics in aquafarms have received limited attention. To address this research gap, we selected three shellfish farms to examine the impacts of ocean currents and the transport of live aquatic animals on the transmission and microevolution of V. parahaemolyticus by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing. MLST and genomic analysis revealed that the community structure of V. parahaemolyticus in Dalian and Donggang was relatively stable in the presence of ocean currents; however, horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between Dalian and Donggang was very common. Further analysis indicated that the transport of live aquatic animals from Dalian to Xiamen not only introduced new V. parahaemolyticus populations but also allowed the exchange of genetic material between the two sites. More interestingly, Dalian-originated strain ST722 was introduced to Xiamen farms, resulting in one MLST allele change and the acquisition of two genomic islands from indigenous isolates in Xiamen within 8 months; such alterations are thought to promote the adaptation of V. parahaemolyticus. These results provide direct observations of how ocean currents and the transport of live aquatic animals contribute to the dissemination and genetic mixture of V. parahaemolyticus, which provides insights into the dynamics and microevolution of V. parahaemolyticus in aquacultural environments. IMPORTANCE Globally, V. parahaemolyticus-related gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by seafood consumption represent an increasing threat to human health. Despite advances in our understanding of the global epidemiology of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus, fundamental questions about the key driving forces for the spread of V. parahaemolyticus at regional and national scales remain unanswered. This study revealed that the transregional transport of aquatic animals and the movement of ocean currents both contributed to the mixing of V. parahaemolyticus populations. More importantly, this study demonstrated how genetic mixture occurred between introduced and endemic V. parahaemolyticus populations via the transport of aquatic animals, which accelerated bacterial adaptation by transferring ecologically important functions. These results suggest that human activities entail a risk of the emergence of new virulent populations for both aquatic animals and humans by horizontal gene transfer and provide important insights into the microevolution and population mixing of V. parahaemolyticus.
format	article
author	Songzhe Fu Qingyao Wang Yixiang Zhang Qian Yang Jingwei Hao Ying Liu Bo Pang
author_facet	Songzhe Fu Qingyao Wang Yixiang Zhang Qian Yang Jingwei Hao Ying Liu Bo Pang
author_sort	Songzhe Fu
title	Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms
title_short	Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms
title_full	Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms
title_fullStr	Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms
title_sort	dynamics and microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> populations in shellfish farms
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7d36fd3cdd5543e1a556b504096ac709
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Dynamics and Microevolution of <italic toggle="yes">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</italic> Populations in Shellfish Farms

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