Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS

Groundwater remediation technologies that can destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in situ are in high demand. To address this need, using flow-through electrochemical reactors we compared the performance of three mesh electrode materials that may be implemented in the subsurface as pe...

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Autores principales:	Angelo Fenti, Yukun Jin, Andrea J. Hanson Rhoades, Gregory P. Dooley, Pasquale Iovino, Stefano Salvestrini, Dino Musmarra, Shaily Mahendra, Graham F. Peaslee, Jens Blotevogel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Emerging contaminants Perfluorinated compounds Advanced oxidation processes Defluorination Groundwater remediation Destructive treatment Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7d390e9b5fc44969b1d341502ab268b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7d390e9b5fc44969b1d341502ab268b62021-11-26T04:41:50ZPerformance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS2666-821110.1016/j.ceja.2021.100205https://doaj.org/article/7d390e9b5fc44969b1d341502ab268b62022-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821121001204https://doaj.org/toc/2666-8211Groundwater remediation technologies that can destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in situ are in high demand. To address this need, using flow-through electrochemical reactors we compared the performance of three mesh electrode materials that may be implemented in the subsurface as permeable reactive barriers. A Magnéli-phase titanium suboxides TinO2n-1 anode achieved higher perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) oxidation rates and lower energy consumption than boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond and IrO2-Ta2O5 mixed metal oxides, and was thus selected for more detailed testing regarding the impacts of varying current density, flow velocity, electrolyte conductivity, and PFOS concentration. Over 99% of PFOS removal was achieved under continuous flow conditions. The fluorine mass balance showed that most PFOS-bonded F was released as fluoride, while no organic intermediates were detected in the aqueous phase. Each ∼2% of fluorine was recovered as HF and organofluorine intermediates in the gas phase. A comparison of 10 PFAS revealed a hydrophobicity-driven increase in oxidation rate with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length as well as faster oxidation kinetics for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids compared to perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids, likely due to contributions from electrochemically activated sulfate. The energy consumption of PFAS treatment under simulated slow-flow groundwater conditions was substantially higher than in ex situ electrochemical systems optimized for enhanced mass transfer. Consequently, future work should focus on in situ treatment design optimization with an emphasis on power requirements. Collectively, our investigations demonstrate that among the few water treatment technologies capable of breaking the carbon-fluorine bond, electrochemical treatment is a promising approach for in situ destruction of PFAS in the subsurface.Angelo FentiYukun JinAndrea J. Hanson RhoadesGregory P. DooleyPasquale IovinoStefano SalvestriniDino MusmarraShaily MahendraGraham F. PeasleeJens BlotevogelElsevierarticleEmerging contaminantsPerfluorinated compoundsAdvanced oxidation processesDefluorinationGroundwater remediationDestructive treatmentChemical engineeringTP155-156ENChemical Engineering Journal Advances, Vol 9, Iss , Pp 100205- (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Emerging contaminants Perfluorinated compounds Advanced oxidation processes Defluorination Groundwater remediation Destructive treatment Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	Emerging contaminants Perfluorinated compounds Advanced oxidation processes Defluorination Groundwater remediation Destructive treatment Chemical engineering TP155-156 Angelo Fenti Yukun Jin Andrea J. Hanson Rhoades Gregory P. Dooley Pasquale Iovino Stefano Salvestrini Dino Musmarra Shaily Mahendra Graham F. Peaslee Jens Blotevogel Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS
description	Groundwater remediation technologies that can destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in situ are in high demand. To address this need, using flow-through electrochemical reactors we compared the performance of three mesh electrode materials that may be implemented in the subsurface as permeable reactive barriers. A Magnéli-phase titanium suboxides TinO2n-1 anode achieved higher perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) oxidation rates and lower energy consumption than boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond and IrO2-Ta2O5 mixed metal oxides, and was thus selected for more detailed testing regarding the impacts of varying current density, flow velocity, electrolyte conductivity, and PFOS concentration. Over 99% of PFOS removal was achieved under continuous flow conditions. The fluorine mass balance showed that most PFOS-bonded F was released as fluoride, while no organic intermediates were detected in the aqueous phase. Each ∼2% of fluorine was recovered as HF and organofluorine intermediates in the gas phase. A comparison of 10 PFAS revealed a hydrophobicity-driven increase in oxidation rate with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length as well as faster oxidation kinetics for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids compared to perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids, likely due to contributions from electrochemically activated sulfate. The energy consumption of PFAS treatment under simulated slow-flow groundwater conditions was substantially higher than in ex situ electrochemical systems optimized for enhanced mass transfer. Consequently, future work should focus on in situ treatment design optimization with an emphasis on power requirements. Collectively, our investigations demonstrate that among the few water treatment technologies capable of breaking the carbon-fluorine bond, electrochemical treatment is a promising approach for in situ destruction of PFAS in the subsurface.
format	article
author	Angelo Fenti Yukun Jin Andrea J. Hanson Rhoades Gregory P. Dooley Pasquale Iovino Stefano Salvestrini Dino Musmarra Shaily Mahendra Graham F. Peaslee Jens Blotevogel
author_facet	Angelo Fenti Yukun Jin Andrea J. Hanson Rhoades Gregory P. Dooley Pasquale Iovino Stefano Salvestrini Dino Musmarra Shaily Mahendra Graham F. Peaslee Jens Blotevogel
author_sort	Angelo Fenti
title	Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS
title_short	Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS
title_full	Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS
title_fullStr	Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS
title_full_unstemmed	Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS
title_sort	performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of pfas
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/7d390e9b5fc44969b1d341502ab268b6
work_keys_str_mv	AT angelofenti performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT yukunjin performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT andreajhansonrhoades performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT gregorypdooley performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT pasqualeiovino performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT stefanosalvestrini performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT dinomusmarra performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT shailymahendra performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT grahamfpeaslee performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas AT jensblotevogel performancetestingofmeshanodesforinsituelectrochemicaloxidationofpfas
_version_	1718409786444218368

Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS

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