Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.

Pandemic V. cholerae strains in the O1 serogroup have 2 biotypes: classical and El Tor. The classical biotype strains of the sixth pandemic, which encode the classical type cholera toxin (CT), have been replaced by El Tor biotype strains of the seventh pandemic. The prototype El Tor strains that pro...

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Autores principales:	Eun Jin Kim, Dokyung Lee, Se Hoon Moon, Chan Hee Lee, Sang Jun Kim, Jae Hyun Lee, Jae Ouk Kim, Manki Song, Bhabatosh Das, John D Clemens, Jean William Pape, G Balakrish Nair, Dong Wook Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7d81f32e8ca347e9961ae3b54541806a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7d81f32e8ca347e9961ae3b54541806a2021-11-25T05:46:01ZMolecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1004384https://doaj.org/article/7d81f32e8ca347e9961ae3b54541806a2014-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004384https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Pandemic V. cholerae strains in the O1 serogroup have 2 biotypes: classical and El Tor. The classical biotype strains of the sixth pandemic, which encode the classical type cholera toxin (CT), have been replaced by El Tor biotype strains of the seventh pandemic. The prototype El Tor strains that produce biotype-specific cholera toxin are being replaced by atypical El Tor variants that harbor classical cholera toxin. Atypical El Tor strains are categorized into 2 groups, Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains, based on genomic variations and the CTX phage that they harbor. Whole-genome analysis of V. cholerae strains in the seventh cholera pandemic has demonstrated gradual changes in the genome of prototype and atypical El Tor strains, indicating that atypical strains arose from the prototype strains by replacing the CTX phages. We examined the molecular mechanisms that effected the emergence of El Tor strains with classical cholera toxin-carrying phage. We isolated an intermediary V. cholerae strain that carried two different CTX phages that encode El Tor and classical cholera toxin, respectively. We show here that the intermediary strain can be converted into various Wave 2 strains and can act as the source of the novel mosaic CTX phages. These results imply that the Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains may have been generated from such intermediary strains in nature. Prototype El Tor strains can become Wave 3 strains by excision of CTX-1 and re-equipping with the new CTX phages. Our data suggest that inter-chromosomal recombination between 2 types of CTX phages is possible when a host bacterial cell is infected by multiple CTX phages. Our study also provides molecular insights into population changes in V. cholerae in the absence of significant changes to the genome but by replacement of the CTX prophage that they harbor.Eun Jin KimDokyung LeeSe Hoon MoonChan Hee LeeSang Jun KimJae Hyun LeeJae Ouk KimManki SongBhabatosh DasJohn D ClemensJean William PapeG Balakrish NairDong Wook KimPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 9, p e1004384 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Eun Jin Kim Dokyung Lee Se Hoon Moon Chan Hee Lee Sang Jun Kim Jae Hyun Lee Jae Ouk Kim Manki Song Bhabatosh Das John D Clemens Jean William Pape G Balakrish Nair Dong Wook Kim Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
description	Pandemic V. cholerae strains in the O1 serogroup have 2 biotypes: classical and El Tor. The classical biotype strains of the sixth pandemic, which encode the classical type cholera toxin (CT), have been replaced by El Tor biotype strains of the seventh pandemic. The prototype El Tor strains that produce biotype-specific cholera toxin are being replaced by atypical El Tor variants that harbor classical cholera toxin. Atypical El Tor strains are categorized into 2 groups, Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains, based on genomic variations and the CTX phage that they harbor. Whole-genome analysis of V. cholerae strains in the seventh cholera pandemic has demonstrated gradual changes in the genome of prototype and atypical El Tor strains, indicating that atypical strains arose from the prototype strains by replacing the CTX phages. We examined the molecular mechanisms that effected the emergence of El Tor strains with classical cholera toxin-carrying phage. We isolated an intermediary V. cholerae strain that carried two different CTX phages that encode El Tor and classical cholera toxin, respectively. We show here that the intermediary strain can be converted into various Wave 2 strains and can act as the source of the novel mosaic CTX phages. These results imply that the Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains may have been generated from such intermediary strains in nature. Prototype El Tor strains can become Wave 3 strains by excision of CTX-1 and re-equipping with the new CTX phages. Our data suggest that inter-chromosomal recombination between 2 types of CTX phages is possible when a host bacterial cell is infected by multiple CTX phages. Our study also provides molecular insights into population changes in V. cholerae in the absence of significant changes to the genome but by replacement of the CTX prophage that they harbor.
format	article
author	Eun Jin Kim Dokyung Lee Se Hoon Moon Chan Hee Lee Sang Jun Kim Jae Hyun Lee Jae Ouk Kim Manki Song Bhabatosh Das John D Clemens Jean William Pape G Balakrish Nair Dong Wook Kim
author_facet	Eun Jin Kim Dokyung Lee Se Hoon Moon Chan Hee Lee Sang Jun Kim Jae Hyun Lee Jae Ouk Kim Manki Song Bhabatosh Das John D Clemens Jean William Pape G Balakrish Nair Dong Wook Kim
author_sort	Eun Jin Kim
title	Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
title_short	Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
title_full	Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
title_fullStr	Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.
title_sort	molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of vibrio cholerae o1 atypical el tor variants.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/7d81f32e8ca347e9961ae3b54541806a
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Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.

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