Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran

Background: Phlebotomine (Ph.) sand flies are the vectors of different types of leishmaniasis and arboviruses to humans. Variations in climate conditions could lead to changes in the dynamics of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and its agents, such as Ph. sand flies and reservoirs. Objective:...

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Autores principales:	Zahra Zarei Cheghabaleki, Dariush Yarahmadi, Mostafa Karampour, Aliakbar Shamsipour
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2019
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7d869d0126d74a999d35229af44a9cbc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7d869d0126d74a999d35229af44a9cbc2021-12-02T00:58:08ZSpatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran2214-999610.5334/aogh.30https://doaj.org/article/7d869d0126d74a999d35229af44a9cbc2019-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/30https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Phlebotomine (Ph.) sand flies are the vectors of different types of leishmaniasis and arboviruses to humans. Variations in climate conditions could lead to changes in the dynamics of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and its agents, such as Ph. sand flies and reservoirs. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial relationship among climatic factors and phlebotomine sand flies in abundance in Bushehr Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, six village sites in Bushehr Province were selected for collecting Ph. sand flies. All-night landing catches of Ph. sand flies occurred between January 15, 2016, and December 15, 2016. Two types of climatic data were used: satellite-based data included daytime and nighttime land surface temperature and the normalized deference vegetation index, and station-based data included annual rainfall and annual mean air temperature and solar radiation (W/M2). Spatial correlation analysis and multivariate ordinary least square regression was used to detect the spatial association between caught Ph. sand flies and climatic factors in a 0.95 confidence level (p = 0.05). Results: The results of the spatial correlation matrix indicated thermal factors, such as mean and maximum air temperature, instantaneous daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures, and radiation, show a direct and significant spatial correlation with the number of sand flies caught. The annual frequency of sand flies in the region showed the highest direct spatial relationship with the annual maximum air temperature (r = 0.91). Environmental moisture factors, such as precipitation and the vegetation index of the region, have spatial correlations of 0.63 and 0.44 with the frequency of the annual caught sand flies, which are significant at the confidence level of 0.95. The results of the multivariable model for estimating the frequency of the caught sand flies indicate environmental estimators, including mean air temperature, rainfall, radiation, and vegetation index, in a linear estimation model can explain the 0.85 spatial variation of the caught sand flies population. This study aimed to detect spatial correlations between the sand fly population and climatic factors. The results showed climatic factors were the most important controllers of the sand fly population in the interannual scale. If sand fly control programs are conducted in accordance with the climatic conditions of the area, the population of this carrier in Bushehr Province can be controlled and the incidence of disease significantly reduced.Zahra Zarei CheghabalekiDariush YarahmadiMostafa KarampourAliakbar ShamsipourUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 85, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Zahra Zarei Cheghabaleki Dariush Yarahmadi Mostafa Karampour Aliakbar Shamsipour Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran
description	Background: Phlebotomine (Ph.) sand flies are the vectors of different types of leishmaniasis and arboviruses to humans. Variations in climate conditions could lead to changes in the dynamics of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and its agents, such as Ph. sand flies and reservoirs. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial relationship among climatic factors and phlebotomine sand flies in abundance in Bushehr Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, six village sites in Bushehr Province were selected for collecting Ph. sand flies. All-night landing catches of Ph. sand flies occurred between January 15, 2016, and December 15, 2016. Two types of climatic data were used: satellite-based data included daytime and nighttime land surface temperature and the normalized deference vegetation index, and station-based data included annual rainfall and annual mean air temperature and solar radiation (W/M2). Spatial correlation analysis and multivariate ordinary least square regression was used to detect the spatial association between caught Ph. sand flies and climatic factors in a 0.95 confidence level (p = 0.05). Results: The results of the spatial correlation matrix indicated thermal factors, such as mean and maximum air temperature, instantaneous daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures, and radiation, show a direct and significant spatial correlation with the number of sand flies caught. The annual frequency of sand flies in the region showed the highest direct spatial relationship with the annual maximum air temperature (r = 0.91). Environmental moisture factors, such as precipitation and the vegetation index of the region, have spatial correlations of 0.63 and 0.44 with the frequency of the annual caught sand flies, which are significant at the confidence level of 0.95. The results of the multivariable model for estimating the frequency of the caught sand flies indicate environmental estimators, including mean air temperature, rainfall, radiation, and vegetation index, in a linear estimation model can explain the 0.85 spatial variation of the caught sand flies population. This study aimed to detect spatial correlations between the sand fly population and climatic factors. The results showed climatic factors were the most important controllers of the sand fly population in the interannual scale. If sand fly control programs are conducted in accordance with the climatic conditions of the area, the population of this carrier in Bushehr Province can be controlled and the incidence of disease significantly reduced.
format	article
author	Zahra Zarei Cheghabaleki Dariush Yarahmadi Mostafa Karampour Aliakbar Shamsipour
author_facet	Zahra Zarei Cheghabaleki Dariush Yarahmadi Mostafa Karampour Aliakbar Shamsipour
author_sort	Zahra Zarei Cheghabaleki
title	Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran
title_short	Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran
title_full	Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran
title_fullStr	Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran
title_sort	spatial dynamics of a phlebotomine sand flies population in response to climatic conditions in bushehr province of iran
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/7d869d0126d74a999d35229af44a9cbc
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Spatial Dynamics of a Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Climatic Conditions in Bushehr Province of Iran

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