Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.

Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in Sout...

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Autores principales:	Ina L Lauinger, Jon M Bible, Eugene P Halligan, Emma J Aarons, Eithne MacMahon, Cheuk Y W Tong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7d8ea437932445849f5f6d584e59b436
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7d8ea437932445849f5f6d584e59b4362021-11-18T07:21:21ZLineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0036005https://doaj.org/article/7d8ea437932445849f5f6d584e59b4362012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22536453/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in South London, UK, one each in the autumn/winters of 2009 and 2010. Sequence comparison showed significant homology of the UK strains with those from other countries including the Netherlands, Japan and the Philippines, which reported EV68 outbreaks between 2008 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of all available VP1 sequences indicated the presence of two modern EV68 lineages. The 2010 UK strains belonged to lineage 2. Lineage 1 could be further divided into two sub-lineages: some Japanese and Dutch strains collected between 2004 and 2010 form a distinct sub-lineages (sub-lineage 1.1), whereas other strains from the UK, Japan, Netherlands and Philippines collected between 2008 and 2010 represent sub-lineage 1.2. The UK 2009 strains together with several Dutch and Japanese strains from 2009/2010 represents one variant (1.2.1), whereas those from the Philippines a second variant (1.2.2). Based on specific deletions and substitutions, we suggest rules for the assignment of lineages and sub-lineages. Molecular epidemiological analysis indicates rapid recent evolution of EV68 and this may explain the recent findings of a global resurgence of EV68. Continuous global monitoring of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of EV68 is recommended.Ina L LauingerJon M BibleEugene P HalliganEmma J AaronsEithne MacMahonCheuk Y W TongPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e36005 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ina L Lauinger Jon M Bible Eugene P Halligan Emma J Aarons Eithne MacMahon Cheuk Y W Tong Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
description	Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in South London, UK, one each in the autumn/winters of 2009 and 2010. Sequence comparison showed significant homology of the UK strains with those from other countries including the Netherlands, Japan and the Philippines, which reported EV68 outbreaks between 2008 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of all available VP1 sequences indicated the presence of two modern EV68 lineages. The 2010 UK strains belonged to lineage 2. Lineage 1 could be further divided into two sub-lineages: some Japanese and Dutch strains collected between 2004 and 2010 form a distinct sub-lineages (sub-lineage 1.1), whereas other strains from the UK, Japan, Netherlands and Philippines collected between 2008 and 2010 represent sub-lineage 1.2. The UK 2009 strains together with several Dutch and Japanese strains from 2009/2010 represents one variant (1.2.1), whereas those from the Philippines a second variant (1.2.2). Based on specific deletions and substitutions, we suggest rules for the assignment of lineages and sub-lineages. Molecular epidemiological analysis indicates rapid recent evolution of EV68 and this may explain the recent findings of a global resurgence of EV68. Continuous global monitoring of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of EV68 is recommended.
format	article
author	Ina L Lauinger Jon M Bible Eugene P Halligan Emma J Aarons Eithne MacMahon Cheuk Y W Tong
author_facet	Ina L Lauinger Jon M Bible Eugene P Halligan Emma J Aarons Eithne MacMahon Cheuk Y W Tong
author_sort	Ina L Lauinger
title	Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
title_short	Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
title_full	Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
title_fullStr	Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
title_full_unstemmed	Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
title_sort	lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/7d8ea437932445849f5f6d584e59b436
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Lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks.

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