Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, NR3A1) contributes through its expression in different tissues to a spectrum of physiological processes, including reproductive system development and physiology, bone mass maintenance, as well as cardiovascular and central nervous system functions. It is also one of th...

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Autores principales:	Lucas Porras, Houssam Ismail, Sylvie Mader
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	breast cancer estrogen receptor alpha luminal breast cancer mammary gland <i>ESR1</i> <i>FOXA1</i> Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7dae74f0b9bd4c5fad8ef2ccf2556dd4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7dae74f0b9bd4c5fad8ef2ccf2556dd42021-11-25T17:09:53ZPositive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis10.3390/cells101129662073-4409https://doaj.org/article/7dae74f0b9bd4c5fad8ef2ccf2556dd42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2966https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, NR3A1) contributes through its expression in different tissues to a spectrum of physiological processes, including reproductive system development and physiology, bone mass maintenance, as well as cardiovascular and central nervous system functions. It is also one of the main drivers of tumorigenesis in breast and uterine cancer and can be targeted by several types of hormonal therapies. ERα is expressed in a subset of luminal cells corresponding to less than 10% of normal mammary epithelial cells and in over 70% of breast tumors (ER+ tumors), but the basis for its selective expression in normal or cancer tissues remains incompletely understood. The mapping of alternative promoters and regulatory elements has delineated the complex genomic structure of the <i>ESR1</i> gene and shed light on the mechanistic basis for the tissue-specific regulation of <i>ESR1</i> expression. However, much remains to be uncovered to better understand how <i>ESR1</i> expression is regulated in breast cancer. This review recapitulates the current body of knowledge on the structure of the <i>ESR1</i> gene and the complex mechanisms controlling its expression in breast tumors. In particular, we discuss the impact of genetic alterations, chromatin modifications, and enhanced expression of other luminal transcription regulators on <i>ESR1</i> expression in tumor cells.Lucas PorrasHoussam IsmailSylvie MaderMDPI AGarticlebreast cancerestrogen receptor alphaluminal breast cancermammary gland<i>ESR1</i><i>FOXA1</i>Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2966, p 2966 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breast cancer estrogen receptor alpha luminal breast cancer mammary gland <i>ESR1</i> <i>FOXA1</i> Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	breast cancer estrogen receptor alpha luminal breast cancer mammary gland <i>ESR1</i> <i>FOXA1</i> Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Lucas Porras Houssam Ismail Sylvie Mader Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis
description	Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, NR3A1) contributes through its expression in different tissues to a spectrum of physiological processes, including reproductive system development and physiology, bone mass maintenance, as well as cardiovascular and central nervous system functions. It is also one of the main drivers of tumorigenesis in breast and uterine cancer and can be targeted by several types of hormonal therapies. ERα is expressed in a subset of luminal cells corresponding to less than 10% of normal mammary epithelial cells and in over 70% of breast tumors (ER+ tumors), but the basis for its selective expression in normal or cancer tissues remains incompletely understood. The mapping of alternative promoters and regulatory elements has delineated the complex genomic structure of the <i>ESR1</i> gene and shed light on the mechanistic basis for the tissue-specific regulation of <i>ESR1</i> expression. However, much remains to be uncovered to better understand how <i>ESR1</i> expression is regulated in breast cancer. This review recapitulates the current body of knowledge on the structure of the <i>ESR1</i> gene and the complex mechanisms controlling its expression in breast tumors. In particular, we discuss the impact of genetic alterations, chromatin modifications, and enhanced expression of other luminal transcription regulators on <i>ESR1</i> expression in tumor cells.
format	article
author	Lucas Porras Houssam Ismail Sylvie Mader
author_facet	Lucas Porras Houssam Ismail Sylvie Mader
author_sort	Lucas Porras
title	Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis
title_short	Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis
title_full	Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis
title_fullStr	Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis
title_full_unstemmed	Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis
title_sort	positive regulation of estrogen receptor alpha in breast tumorigenesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7dae74f0b9bd4c5fad8ef2ccf2556dd4
work_keys_str_mv	AT lucasporras positiveregulationofestrogenreceptoralphainbreasttumorigenesis AT houssamismail positiveregulationofestrogenreceptoralphainbreasttumorigenesis AT sylviemader positiveregulationofestrogenreceptoralphainbreasttumorigenesis
_version_	1718412658070257664

Positive Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Tumorigenesis

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